curriculum in natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010

1. Public participation and market-based instruments for water protection Case study: Survey of industrial enterprises in Bulgaria MilkanaMochurova Institute of Economics - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria curriculumin natural environmental science, vol. 2, 2010

2. Contents • IWRM concept and selected policy instruments • Survey of industrial enterprises in Bulgaria • the role of public participation • market-based instruments • Proposals to national water resources policy

3. Integrated water resources management • The concept of integration: • natural system • human system • The Water Framework Directive • integrates economics into water management • public participation

4. Requirements of WFD for public participation Source: European Communities, 2003b

5. Location of the case study Bulgaria in South East Europe

6. Survey of industrial enterprises • Methods • Focus group discussions, in-depth interviews - May 2005 • Questionnaires - 92 companies, Sept. 2005 – Jan. 2006, processed with SPSS • Topics • Awareness of the IWRM, WFD, Bulgarian legislation • Notions about participating in water management • Attitude towards MBIs • Respondents • Companies generating waste water, more than half of them – in the manufacturing sector, have above 250 employees, ISO certified

7. Round table discussions and trainings of industrial enterprises Trainings and study visit to Sofia waste water treatment plant Trainers from Global Water Partnership Bulgaria and Solidarity Water Europe, France Project funded by Phare programme and implemented by Centre for Comparative Studies

8. Selected results Are you familiar with the WFD? Do you know that according to the WFD a RBMP will be developed? Is it expedient to participate in the development of a long-term RBMP?

9. If not, why? % (multiple response) Does the company participate in any consulting body? Have you ever participated in partnership projects? Yes – 22.4% No – 77.6% Main obstacles to participation of the industry in decision-making processes (multiple response) If not, why? (multiple response)

10. Relationships: MBIs and information instruments (chi sq. test) The level of statistical significance: ***  < 0,01; ** < 0,05; *< 0,10

11. Summary and conclusions • Attitude of company managers • IWRM – problem: no long-term vision • circumventing regulations • Weak participation in consulting bodies, lack of partnerships • Ineffective economic incentives • Challenges to IWRM implementation • effective participation of all • reinforcement of MBIs • capacity building, networking

12. References • Global Water Partnership (GWP), 2000, Technical Advisory Committee, Integrated Water Resources Management, Stockholm, www.gwpforum.org • European Communities, 2003a, Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Guidance Document No 1, Economics and the environment – the implementation challenge of the Water Framework Directive Working Group 2.6 WATECO • European Communities, 2003b, Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Guidance Document No 8, Public Participation in relation to the WFD • Lanz, K., S. Scheuer, 2001, EEB Handbook on EU Water Policy under the Water Framework Directive, European Environmental Bureau, www.eeb.org • Mochurova, M. 2006. Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive in Bulgaria: Industrial enterprises and public participation as a challenge to implement the EU Water Framework Directive in Bulgaria, case #286. - Global Water Partnership ToolBox Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM), Stockholm, http://www.gwptoolbox.org. • Mochurova, M., Market-based instruments for the protection of water resources in Bulgaria, Economic Studies Journal, 3/ 2008, p.112 – 147 (in Bulgarian with English summary) • National Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria, 2008, Environment 2006, Sofia