Hand and Power Tools unit 11

Hand and Power Toolsunit 11 Amber Henderson

Objectives • 1.) Identify the key terms for the unit. • 2.) Identify common hand and power tools used in agricultural mechanics. • 3.) Select hand tools needed for a particular job. • 4.) Determine the cost of acquiring each tool.

terms • Blade Balance- a device used to balance a lawn mower blade to prevent excess vibration during operation. • Board Foot- Circular Saw- a motor- driven power hand saw with round blade. • Circular Saw- a motor- driven power hand saw with round blade. • Common Nail- A kind of nail with a flat head that is used in general construction. • Concave Bevel- a bevel, which is hollowed or curved inward. • Convex Bevel- A bevel which is raised or curved outward • Crosscut- to cut across the grain of wood • Crosscut Hand Saw- A saw with small teeth (more teeth per inch) for cutting across the grain of wood. • Dado- A square or rectangular groove in the face of the board

Terms • Double Inclined Plane- A plane made by two bevels creating a point similar to that of an axe • Finishing Nail- A slender nail with a small head used for interior trim work • High Speed Drill- Twist drill made tempered specially to drill holes in steel • Hollow Ground- A single inclined plane which is concave ground • Hone- the process of finely sharpening a cutting edge with a bench stone or hand stone • Kerf- Opening in board made by the cutting of a saw blade; also referred to as saw kerf • Kickback- A safety hazard that results when a saw blade binds in the material being cut resulting in uncontrollable throwing of the material or saw • Rabbet- A cut or groove at the end of a board made to receive another board and form a joint

Terms • Rip- To cut along the grain of wood • Rip Hand Saw- A saw with larger teeth (fewer teeth per inch) for cutting with the grain of wood • Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)- the number of times a rotating shaft or blade turns or rotates in sixty (60) seconds • Single Incline Plane- A type of bevel with one edge; used on wood chisels and plane irons • Twist Drill- Common drill bit used for making round holes in wood and metal

Hammers ($5-$60) • Carpenter Hammer • Used to drive or pull nails • Can have either a curved or straight claw

hammers • Machinist Hammer • Used to work with metal or around machinery • Distiguished by a variable- shaped peen • Ball peen hammers are made in different weights usually 4,6,8, and 12 ounces and 1, 1 ½, and 2 pounds.

Wrenches ($20-$300) • Open-end • Solid, adjustable wrench with openings in one or both ends • Usually come in sets ranging for 5/16’’ to 1 inch. • Handles are usually straight but may be curved.

wrenches • Box Wrench • Less likely to slip off the work. • Most likely to have 12 points • 6-8 points used for heavy • 12 points used for medium • 16 points used for light duty • Disadvantage of this wrench is loss of time

Wrench • Combination Wrench • Has both an open- end and a box end.

wrench • Adjustable open-end wrench • An open- end wrench with an adjustable opening. • Can fit variety of different sized nuts and bolts

wrench • Pipe Wrench • An adjustable wrench with curved jaws used to grip pipe or round stock. • Come in variety of different sizes.

wrench • Socket Wrench • Cylindrical wrench attached to a breaker bar, ratchet, or air wrench. • Offers secure fast and speedy operation. • Sized by the millimeter or by inches and fractions of an inch • Sets come in different sizes based on the size of the driver. • Common sizes: ¼”, ½”, ¾”, and 1”.

Screwdriver ($5- $20) • Philips Screwdriver • Named after Henry F. Phillips • Used with the most popular screw, which is referred to as a Philips screw.

screwdriver • Ratchet off-set screwdriver • Manual screwdriver that has a ratcheting action.

screwdriver • Standard screwdriver • Also known as a “flat head” • Has a single blade

Rulers/ tapes ($10-$30) • Measure in Inches or Centimeters • Used for wood work or metal work

Squares ($10-$30) Carpenter’s Square • Usually 12 in X 8 in, 24 in X 16 in, or 24 inX 18 in. • Flat sides of the blade and the tonged are graduated in inches and fractions of an inch • Used for laying out and squaring up large patterns

Squares Try Square • Consists of two parts at the right angles to each other

square Sliding T Bevel • Adjustable with a slotted beveled blade • Primary use is laying out angles other than right angles

square Combination Square • Is equipped with moveable heads called square head, protractor head, and center head.

Hand saw ($10-$20) Cross cut • This saw has a steel blade with a handle at one end • The blade is narrower at the end opposite the handle • The major difference between ripsaw and crosscut is the shape of the teeth. Back saw • Is a crosscut saw designed for sawing a perfectly straight line Key hold saw • Has a long narrow, tapering ripsaw, used to cut from the bored hold

Chisels ($10-$20) Cold chisels • Tools that can be used for chipping or cutting metal or wood • They only cut metal that is softer than the metal they are made of • Classified according to the shape of their heads and the width of the cutting edge • Match hammer to the chisel

chisels Wood Chisels • Used with wood working jobs

Files ($5- $20) • Files are graded according to their degree of fineness and whether they have single or double- cut teeth. • Files remove small amount of metal, plastic, or wood. • Used for tooth sharpening • Files come in different shapes

Pliers ($14-$30) • Made in many styles and sizes • Used for cutting purposes as well as holding and gripping small articles. • Major types: • Slip- joint • Vice grip • Water pump • Slide cutter • Diagonal pliers • Needle- nose pliers

Hand drill ($100-$500) • The hand drill is used to drill holes into different material. • Made in various sizes and vary in power from light to heavy and in speeds from slow to fast.

Belt sander ($50-$200) • Used to sand down wood and other material for finishing purposes.

Grinder ($30-$150) • Used for cutting, grinding, and polishing • Used for removal of excess material from a job or cutting into.

Portable Circular Saw ($200- $400) • Can be used for crosscutting, ripping, mitering, beveling, chamfering, rabbeting, cove cutting, tapering, shaping, and molding cutting. • Used in situations where the work cannot be moved to the shop or in a shop where table saws are not available. • Circular saws come in a variety of blade sizes ranging from 6 1/4” to 8 ½”.

Jig Saw ($30-$200) • A tool used for cutting arbitrary curves into wood, metal, or other material. • Used for artistic fashion than other saws.

Chop Saw ($200- $900) • Used to cut hard materials, such as metals • Typically 14 inch in diameter and 7/64 inch thick.

Drill Press ($40-$400) • Is a fixed drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor. • Can be used for drilling holes, sanding, honing, and polishing

Table Saw ($200-$700) • Woodworking tool consisting of a circular saw blade. • The higher the blade protrudes above the table the deeper the cut that is made into the wood.

Radial Arm Saw ($200- $600) • Cutting machine consisting of a circular saw mounted on a sliding horizontal arm • Used for making length cuts and can be configured with a dado blade to create cuts for dado, rabbet, and half lap joints

Compound Miter ($200-$600) • Has a rotating vertical pivot allowing the cutter head and blade to be tilted sideways in addition to the horizontal rotation table. • It allows vertical and horizontal angled cuts as well as cuts angled in both planes.

Band Saw ($120- $500) • Blade consists of continuous band of metal with teeth along one edge to cut various workspaces. • Used for woodworking, metalworking, or for cutting variety of other materials. • Useful for cutting irregular or curved shapes but also cut straight cuts as well.

Oxy- Acetylene ($200- $5000) • Used for both welding and cutting metal. • Has two cylinders- Oxygen and Acetylene

MIG Welder ($200- $5000) • 1. The wire acts as an electrode and is also the source of the filler metal • 2. Combines an inert gas shielding with a continuously fed consumable wire electrode. • 3. Fast, portable, vertical process

Arc Welder ($200- $5000) • Used to join pieces of metal together • The arc is formed between the actual work and an electrode (stick or wire) that is manually or mechanically guided along the joint.

Plasma Cutter ($1000) • 1.Used to cut steel and other metals of different thickness. • 2. Uses a plasma torch • 3. An inert gas is blown at high speed out of a nozzle; an electrical arc is formed through the gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut turning some of the gas to plasma.

Hand and Power Tools unit 11