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DRINKING WATER PONDS IN SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

DRINKING WATER PONDS IN SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS. 6.4. Drinking water in spate irrigated areas: main issues. Low annual rainfall (250-300mm) Deep water table / brackish groundwater Public tubewells out of order Water from ponds – for humans and livestock: Polluted

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DRINKING WATER PONDS IN SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

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  1. DRINKING WATER PONDS IN SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 6.4

  2. Drinking water in spate irrigated areas: main issues • Low annual rainfall (250-300mm) • Deep water table / brackish groundwater • Public tubewells out of order • Water from ponds – for humans and livestock: • Polluted • Limited duration of storage • Outmigration

  3. IMPORTANCE OF DRINKING WATER PONDS: LOCAL HINDU SAINT STILL REVERRED BECAUSE OF THE POND HE MADE

  4. Traditional system – shallow ponds, water being use by humans and livestock alike

  5. IMPROVED DRINKING WATER PONDS • Have reliable water storage for long period • Have ‘relatively’ clean water • Have ponds well maintained

  6. IMPROVED DRINKING WATER PONDS Reliability • Close to flood inlet • Make ponds deep enough (4-7 meters) to reduce evaporation • Trees on banks of ponds to further reduce evaporation • Where available clay lining • Plastic lining – adequately anchored and covered with at least 30 cm of soils to avoid punching

  7. CONSTRUCTING DRINKING WATER PONDS Cleanliness/ water quality • Fencing to avoid animal tresspassing • Use slow sand filter to pump water from reservoir • Cascade system – water overflowing from other (livestock) pond after sediment settled in it • Use of sediment trapping vegetation in the overflow structure • Later, sometimes: wells near ponds fed by leakage

  8. CONSTRUCTING DRINKING WATER PONDS Ease of maintenance • Gentle slope • Sediment trap (can be part of livestock pond) • No entry of livestock

  9. Drinking Water Ponds • Management is important: • Prioritization of water sources: • First from blocked canal • Shallow ponds • Improved ponds (last resort) • Cleaning out the silt • Protecting the ponds from animals tresspassing • Collecting funds for caretaker and maintenance

  10. Hand Pump Sand Filter Filter of graded layers of sand Appropriate for potable water

  11. IMPACTS • Availability of potable water for humans • And livestock • Reduced out migration • Decreased 40 % enteric disorder cases • Provide sediment free water

  12. In spite of importance experience from Balochistan in 1990’s (BRSP) is that maintenance of ponds is main challenge Only 25% of ponds was well maintained. Those that were well-maintained were: • Close to primary schools or mosks • Were used by visiting nomads as well, who paid for the use of the ponds for their livestock

  13. Maintenance of Community Ponds Fencing – against tresspassing animals Collecting funds for guarding and cleaning

  14. Prepared by Karim Nawaz, Noman Latif and Zahir Ikram

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