THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION to Korea, Japan, Vietnam

1. THE SPREAD OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION to Korea, Japan, Vietnam Medieval pattern: Civilizations spread beyond their major centers (as in the case of Islam spreading to South and East Asia).

2. KOREA I. Pattern of Korea’s relationship with China A. Partially conquered by Han (108 BCE-313 CE) B. Post-Han: Independent kingdoms pay tribute to China. C. Mahayana Buddhism spreads to Korea, then Japan, after fall of Han. D. Korea adopts Chinese writing system.

3. CHINA II. SILLA, 668-935 C.E. A. Tributary to Tang China B. Imitated Tang; sent scholars to China to study and to bring back Confucian classics Remember him? Silla dynasty tomb mounds, Kyongju

4. C. Chinese-style bureaucracy filled via exams pavilion on grounds of Changdeokgung Palace (1405, Seoul) where exams were held

5. D. Aristocracy too strong to allow scholar-bureaucrat class E. Buddhism too strong for Confucianism to take root (1) Monks are influential at Silla court. (2) Silla kings patronize monasteries and temples. Pulguk-Sa temple (751 C.E.), Kyongju

6. Sokka-t’ap and Tabo-t’ap pagodas at Pulguk-Sa temple, Kyongju

7. Punhwang-Sa temple (634 C.E.) Chomsangdae observatory (7th c.)

8. Hall where wood blocks for printing Buddhist scriptures (13th c.) are kept, Haein-Sa temple

9. “Three Buddhist Treasures” motif at Haien-Sa monastery tile from Ottoman Empire swastika (s-vasti-ka = “conducive to well-being”) on shrine in Chinju fortress

10. Korea’s economy is subordinated to that of Tang and Song China: • Korea imports luxury goods (silk clothing, scrolls, etc.), exports raw materials (copper, wood). • G. Korea exports some luxury goods for Chinese (and Japanese) • elites. “Emille” Bell, Kyongju National Museum Koryo (918-1392) celadon (porcelain)

11. Rule by aristocracy • A. Aristocracy is too powerful for warlords, bureaucrats, or other • social elements to dislodge (in contrast to China). • change of dynasty = change of aristocratic family • Silla, 668-935→Koryo, 918-1392→Yi/Lee (Choson), 1392-1910 • B. Choson dynasty patronizes Confucianism, persecutes Buddhists. throne at Changdeokgung palace, Seoul

12. C. Choson King Sejong (1418-50) develops Hangul alphabet. Chinese calligraphy

13. JAPAN • Island that absorbs Chinese • cultural influences while re- • taining political autonomy • Emperor = minor Shinto god, descendant of sun goddess • III. Adopts Chinese writing system, • 4th century • Mahayana Buddhism arrives via Korea, 6th century. • IV. Adopts Chinese political structure, 7th century • A. Sinified emperor: “Son of • Heaven” • B. Bureaucracy staffed by exams • in Confucian classics • C. Japan’s bureaucracy is filled by • urban aristocrats influential at • court (no scholar- gentry class, as • in China). CHINA

14. Aristocratic court culture, 8th-9th centuries: tea ceremony, • landscapes, haiku • 1st novel: Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki (c. 973-1025)

15. VI. Buddhism remains a much greater socio-cultural force than in Tang and Song China. VII. Aristocrats and provincial warlords are too powerful for emperor to rein in→feudal system dominated by warlords by 12th century

16. John Belushi, “Samurai Tailor” (with Buck Henry), Saturday Night Live, c. 1975

17. VIETNAM (Annam) • Southeast Asian cultural sphere: Chinese/Indian • Theravada Buddhism spreads directly from India, strikes deeper roots.

18. III. Partially conquered by Han (111 B.C.E.), who introduce Chinese writing and bureaucracy. IV. Aristocracy rebels against Chinese, 10th century. Vietnam remains independent until 19th c. V. Vietnamese expand into other parts of SE Asia, become dominant political/cultural force in region. CHINA

19. statue of medieval Vietnamese emperor

20. PERSON OF THE WEEK!!

21. Judge Dee