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Biochemistry

Biochemistry. What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?. Organic Chemistry. ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things ORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H)

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Biochemistry

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  1. Biochemistry What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?

  2. Organic Chemistry • ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things • ORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H) • Most organic molecules have a CARBON BACKBONE (chain) C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • What is so cool about carbon? • Carbon makes very strong bonds! • Likes to bond to ITSELF and other elements

  3. Which of these molecules is organic? • H2O • CH4 • C6H12O6 • CO2 • O2 • C6H14N2O2 • C5H6N2O2 • Fe2O3

  4. Macromolecules • Means “Giant molecules” • ALL BIG THINGS ARE MADE OF SMALLER THINGS RIGHT? • Four (4) types of OrganicMacromolecules: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  5. Carbohydrates (SUGARS) • Elements Present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Job (Function) in Living Things: • Main source of FOOD ENERGY • Building Blocks: • Called Simple sugars • Linked together to make complex (BIG) sugars • Glucose is a simple sugar • Many glucose molecules linked together makes STARCH • STARCH is a complex (BIG) sugar

  6. Glucose structure 1 molecule of glucose

  7. Starch structure

  8. Lipids (Fats) • Elements: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Mostly H and C • Functions (Jobs) in Living Things: • Stores energy • Parts of membranes • Chemical messengers (hormones) • Identification: • Oily and greasy • VERY LONG carbon chain • Ex. Butter, oils, waxes

  9. Proteins • Elements present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen • Jobs (Functions) in Living Things: • Control rates of reactions (ENZYMES) • Help form bones, muscles and other tissues • Transport molecules (Hemoglobin in blood) • Building blocks: • Called Amino Acids • 20 different AA’s that can be linked to form a protein! • Amino Acids are linked in any order and in any number to make endless numbers of proteins!

  10. Amino Acids

  11. Molecular Structure of Proteins

  12. Nucleic Acids • Elements present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus • Job (Function) in Living Things: • Store and transmit GENETIC information • Identification: • Helix-shaped • Two types of Nucleic Acids: • DNA (Deoxy-ribo-Nucleic-Acid) • RNA (Ribo-Nucleic-Acid) • Building Blocks • Called Nucleotides or Subunits

  13. Let’s look closer at one nucleotide • Nucleotides have 3 parts • Phosphate • Ribose sugar • Nitrogen Base (1 of 4) • Each nucleotide is connected across to another nucleotide • Each nucleotide is also connected to another above and below • This forms the ladder–shapedDNA or RNA molecule

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