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Carbon

Carbon. Saturated Hydrocabons. Carbon makes four bonds. Alkanes. When all of the carbon bonds are single bonds, it is called a saturated hydrocarbon. Single chains of saturated hydrocarbons are Alkanes. IUPAC nomenclature.

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Carbon

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  1. Carbon Saturated Hydrocabons

  2. Carbon makes four bonds.

  3. Alkanes • When all of the carbon bonds are single bonds, it is called a saturated hydrocarbon. • Single chains of saturated hydrocarbons are Alkanes.

  4. IUPAC nomenclature • IUPAC stands for the INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY • It is the accepted form for naming chemicals. • Many compounds have more than one name. • We will accept only IUPAC in this class

  5. Naming Alkanes Ending in -ane • Straight chain hydrocarbons, alkanes, are named based on the longest chain of carbons. • The root name for a single carbon in the chain is Meth… • The ending is –ane which indicates all single bonds.

  6. Determining the longest chain: • Counting carbons of the longest continuous unbroken chain of carbons. • Bends in the chain do not count as a break.

  7. The longest chain may or may not be straight, but it must be continuous. The selection of the longest continuous chain in molecules is illustrated below:

  8. How many in the chain and Name that chain! • A. octane • B. octane • C. octane

  9. Traits of Alkanes • The more carbons in the chain, the heavier the molecule. • What do you think happens to the boiling point of alkanes as the chain grows larger?

  10. Name Molecular Boiling Formula Point (ºC) Methane CH4 -164.0 Ethane C2H6 -88.6 Propane C3H8 -42.1 Butane C4H10 -0.5 Pentane C5H12 36.1 Hexane C6H14 69.0 Heptane C7H16 98.4 Octane C8H18 125.7 Nonane C9H20 150.8 Decane C10H22 174.1

  11. Cyclic Alkanes • Rings formed by the hydrocarbon chain. • The name is based on the number of carbons in the ring. • A is cyclopropane • B is cyclobutane • C is cyclohexane

  12. More

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