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Memory Systems

Memory Systems. Edouard Claparede (1911). Recognition et mo ï t é . Archives de Psychologie , 11, 79-90 . ... shows for the first time that there is more than one memory. “this paper ... demonstrated for the first time the presence of operant conditioning in amnesia.

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Memory Systems

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  1. Memory Systems EdouardClaparede (1911). Recognition et moïté. Archives de Psychologie, 11, 79-90. ... shows for the first time that there is more than one memory.

  2. “this paper ... demonstrated for the first time the presence of operant conditioning in amnesia. After pricking his patient with a pin hidden in his hand, when Claparede again motioned toward her, the patient reflexively withdrew her hand. She argued that there was, perhaps, a pin hidden in his hand, although she did not remember the episode in which this conditioning procedure was acquired.” Memory Systems Serge, N. (1996) Experiments on Implicit Memory in a Korsakoff Patient by Claparede (1907). Cognitive Neuropsychology, 13, 1193-1199.

  3. H.M. had incurable epilepsy and was treated with bilateral temporal lobectomy. This resulted in severe anterograde and mild retrograde amnesia. Based on other patients it was observed that the degree of memory loss correlated with the amount of hippocampusthat was removed. Memory Systems Scoville, W.B. & Milner, B. (1957) Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. Journal of Neurochemistry 20, 11-21.

  4. Memory Systems Corkin, S. (2002) What's new with the amnesic patient H.M.? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, 153-160. Abbreviations: CS, collateral sulcus; EC, entorhinal cortex; H, hippocampus; L, left; PH, parahippocampal gyrus; R, right.

  5. procedural, implicit memory: multiple memory systems (e.g., amygdala) Emotional Memories Memory Systems declarative, explicit memory: hippocampus Memories of Emotions

  6. Memory Processes Encoding ↓ Consolidation ↓ Retrieval ↓ Re-Consolidation

  7. Encoding Appraisal (STC, PFC) Retrieval Sensory processing Hippocampus Amygdala Re-Consolidation Lateral Hypothalamus Catecholamines Glucocorticoids ANS Adrenal Gland Consolidation

  8. Reconsolidation Nader et al., 2000, Nature, 406, 722-726.

  9. Reconsolidation Nader et al., 2000, Nature, 406, 722-726.

  10. Changing Memories w/o Drugs Schiller et al., 2010, Nature, 463, 49-53.

  11. Changing Memories w/o Drugs

  12. Changing Memories w/o Drugs

  13. Changing Memories w/o Drugs Subjects were called back 1 year later. Comparison between last extinction trial and spontaneous recovery test (ie., Reinstatement index).

  14. Changing Memories w/o Drugs The stimulus specificity of fear extinction was tested. Participants saw two squares that were occasionally paired with shock and one that wasn’t.

  15. Changing Memories w/o Drugs

  16. Summary • Memories are dynamic and integrate retrieval information. • Retrieval information can overwrite existing memories. • Open issues: • - Explicit vs implicit memories • - Role of reminder/extinction timing and massed extinction.

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