ADS-B Regulations, Standards and Guidance

1. ADS-B Regulations, Standards and Guidance Presented by: Don Walker FAA (AIR-130) Presented to: ICAO ADS-B Seminar

2. Overview • US ADS-B Final Rule • ADS-B Published Standards • Flight Standards • ADS-B Out • ABS-B In • ADS-B Applications Currently in Development • TCAS II Future Activities

3. US ADS-B Final Rule: Overview On May 27, 2010, the FAA published the Final Rule for ADS-B Out equipage • Mandates performance requirements for ADS-B avionics that will be required to fly in certain airspace by 1-Jan-2020 • ADS-B Out transmits location information received from a Global Navigation Satellite System out of the aircraft to ADS-B ground stations and to other aircraft equipped to receive ADS-B broadcasts. The rule does not preclude other navigation source methods. • This rule does not mandate ADS-B In • A new Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) was chartered in June 2010 to address ADS-B In strategy

4. ADS-B Final Rule: Dual Frequencies Two frequencies have been designated for ADS-B transmissions in the National Airspace System: • 1090 Extended Squitter MHz (1090ES) for commercial aircraft • Universal Access Transceiver 978MHz (UAT) for general aviation and airport vehicles. This frequency is needed because of the high-bandwidth required to transmit the weather data that is most beneficial for general aviation aircraft. The rule requires all aircraft flying in Class A airspace (Flight Level 180 and above) to transmit on the 1090ES MHz link The rule does not preclude aircraft from equipping with both the 1090ES MHz and 978MHz or general aviation equipping with 1090ES MHz

5. ADS-B Final Rule: Required in the following Airspace Class A, B, and C airspace Class E airspace areas at or above 10,000 feet MSL over the 48 contiguous United States and the District of Columbia, excluding the airspace at and below 2,500 feet above the surface Airspace within 30 nautical miles (NM) of certain identified airports that are among the nation’s busiest (based on annual passenger enplanements, annual airport operations count, and operational complexity) from the surface up to 10,000 feet MSL. These airports are listed in appendix D to part 91. Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area up to 10,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico at and above 3,000 feet MSL within 12 NM of the coastline of the United States

6. ADS-B Final Rule: Required Airspace(In Green) Note: 1090MHz ES link is required above FL180

7. US ADS-B Standards & Guidance ITP Policy Memo(Joint guidance from AIR & AFS) AC 90-114 AC 90-114 with ITP Appendix3Q 2012 90-series AC provides operations guidance from Flight Standards 20-series ACs providing installation guidance from Aircraft Certification FAA Guidance AC 20-165 AC 20-172 AC 20-172A AC 20-165A3Q 2012 TSO-C154c TSO-C166b TSO-C195 ADS-B In TSO-C195a ADS-B In 2012 2009 2010 2011 DO-260BDO-282B DO-317ADec 2011 ADS-B Out – transmission and receipt of ADS-B informationInitial ADS-B-In applications– basicairborne and surface situation awareness, enhanced visual approach (US standards, not harmonized with Europe) Revised ADS-B-In applications – basicairborne and surface situation awareness, visual separation on approach, ITP (all harmonized with Europe) RTCA Stds DO-317

8. ADS-B Published Standards – ADS-B Out • RTCA documents • RTCA DO-260B plus Corrigendum (errata) • RTCA DO-282B plus Corrigendum (errata) • TSO • TSO-C166b • TSO-C154c • Advisory Circular • AC 20-165 • FAA Policy Memo • Approval of ADS-B Out Systems

9. Operational Approval Strategy • No authorization required for ADS-B Out in US • Requires Version 2 avionics to be visible to ATC (DO-260B, DO-282B) • Authorization for ADS-B Out where required by other States • Example A353 for Canada, Australia or others which reference AMC 20-24 • Authorization required for ADS-B In applications • For other than situational awareness

10. Operational Approval Strategy • Initial authorizations requires headquarters review/approval • For duration of operational evaluation • Based on existing standards, policy • For specific airlines • Example A354, for ITP • Ultimately authorization to be approved by Regional/Local authority • Once operational requirements are understood • With published guidance

11. Cert and Ops Approval Basis – ITP example • Policy Memorandum (May 2010) • Clarifies and amends DO-312 (ITP SPR) • Requires conformance monitoring throughout procedure • Requires graphical display to monitor relative position of A/C • Requires DCPC, recommended CPDLC • Requires TCAS Validation of Version 0 and 1 Traffic • Requires velocity validation

12. Cert and Ops Approval Basis – ITP example • Policy Memorandum (May 2010) • Interim Policy and Guidance for ADS-B ASA Systems Supporting Oceanic In-Trail Procedures (ITP) • Between Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification Services • Forms airworthiness and operational approval basis • Until Technical Standards Order (TSO) and ITP AC published

13. OpSpec A354 Highlights – ITP example • Airworthiness requirements • Must be installed by TC or STC • Must have an approved maintenance program with instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA) • ITP Equipment specific requirements • CDTI may be hosted on EFB (Auxiliary Display) • EFB must be Class 3, with type C software • Airplane flight manual • Must incorporate ADS-B and ITP subject matter

14. OpSpec A354 Highlights – ITP example • Required flight crew/dispatch training • Must complete approved training • ITP specific operating procedures and limitations • MEL considerations, flight planning and ITP communications • Aircraft authorization • Specifies each aircraft by serial number • Specifies ITP configuration • Surveillance processor, transponder and display by part number

15. ADS-B Guidance • AC 90-114, Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) Operations • General ADS-B guidance • Appendix for A353, ADS-B OUT OPERATIONS OUTSIDE OF U.S.-DESIGNATED AIRSPACE • Appendix for ITP by end of September 2012 • Incorporates lessons learned from Operational Trials • Will supersede ITP Policy Memo • Appendices for other ADS-B In operations will come • As the operational and training issues are understood

16. ADS-B Published Standards – ADS-B In • RTCA documents • RTCA DO-317A • TSO • TSO-C195a • Advisory Circular • AC 20-172A • ADS-B documents can be found at: • RTCA documents - www.rtca.org • FAA documents - http://rgl.faa.gov/

17. ADS-B Applications in Published Standards • Enhanced Visual • Acquisition (EVAcq) • Basic Airborne (AIRB) • Visual Separation on • Approach (VSA)

18. ADS-B Applications in Published Standards • Basic Surface (SURF)

19. ADS-B Applications in Published Standards • In Trail Procedures (ITP)

20. ADS-B Applications Currently In Development • Traffic Situational Awareness w/ Alerts (TSAA) • Interval Management (IM) • CDTI Assisted Visual • Separation (CAVS)

21. TCAS Activities • Revised TCAS standards • Modification to the TCAS II MOPS In-Band Acceptance requirements to document TCAS and ADS-B combined receiver • Improving spectrum efficiency of Hybrid surveillance • Published a report of recommendations for future collision avoidance systems • Research commencing on next generation of TCAS – called “ACAS X”

22. Don Walker FAA AIR-130 Surveillance Team Lead don.walker@faa.gov Phone: 202-385-4821