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Explore the complex world of child development through key principles like interrelatedness and varying rates, theories from Erickson to Gardner, and indicators of children's well-being. Learn how children view the world, how they learn and process information, and the importance of various social and cultural influences. Gain insights into the essential role of play, practice, and challenging experiences in children's growth. Understand the long-term effects of early experiences and how development occurs at varying rates. Discover the interconnected aspects of children's well-being, from family and social environment to education and general health.
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Activity How children view the world
Theories of Child Development • Psychologists define theory as a guide to help explain behavior. • Many theories are available about how children learn and process. • Erickson, Piaget, Vygotsky and Gardner
12 Principles of Child Development Development and learning are complex and no one theory is sufficient. • Principles should be considered when making decisions about children • General principles taken from a review of the early childhood literature
Principle 1: Interrelatedness • Development in one domain influences and is influenced by development in other domains
Principle 2: Orderly Sequence • Development occurs in a relatively orderly sequence, with later abilities, skills, and knowledge building on those already acquired
Principle 3: Varying Rates • Development proceeds at varying rates from child to child as well as unevenly within different areas of each child’s functioning
Principle 4: Biological and Environmental • Development and learning result from interaction of biological maturation and the environment
Principle 5: Long Term Effects • Early experiences have both cumulative and delayed effects on individual children’s development; optimal periods exist for certain types of development and learning
Principle 6: Increasing Complexity • Development proceeds in predictable directions toward greater complexity, organization, and internalization
Principle 7: Needs Met • Children develop and learn best in the context of a community where they are safe and valued, their physical needs are met, and they feel psychologically secure.
Principle 8: Social and Cultural Influence • Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts
Principle 9: Active Learners • Children learn in variety of ways and with a wide range of teaching strategies and interactions.
Principle 10: Play • Play is an important vehicle for children’s development, as well as a reflection of their development
Principle 11: Practice and Challenge • Development advances when children have opportunities to practice newly acquired skills as well as when they experience a challenge just beyond the level of their present mastery
Principle 12: Experiences Affect Learning and Development • Children demonstrate different modes of knowing and learning and different ways of representing what they know
National Indicators of Children’s Well-Being • Many interconnected aspects of children’s well-being. • Indicators of influence resulting in a child being well-adjusted, economically secure, productive, educated and healthy.
Domains of Well-Being • Family and social environment • Economic circumstances • Health care
Domains of Well-Being • Physical environment and safety • Behavior • Education • General Health
Child Development: Principles, Theories, & Indicators • Basic child development information is fundamental to everyone’s well-being. • Helps professionals make sound decisions about care and education. • Understanding P, T, and I assist in interpreting experiences and milestones.
Child Development Questions
