Third Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum

1. Third Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum Randy McMullin Maine Department of Environmental Protection

2. Why is New England different? • Limited landfill space • Difficult or impossible to site a new commercial landfill in many of the states • High landfill disposal fees $65-100+ per ton • Many states in the area already process various Construction and Demolition materials for assorted uses (namely CDD wood fuel) • Dense population although Maine is pretty rural

3. How is it working • In Maine we recycle about 30,000 tons of tear off shingles every year about 1/3 of what we generate. Most go into a 50/50 mix of road base and some are used in HBA at about a 2% mix. None goes to ME DOT. • Shingles are collected at town transfer stations, roofing contractors and we locals generally bring shingles to the processing facility or transfer station facility. • Transportation is the limiting factor • Tipping fee is about $32 per ton.

4. What is in shingles anyway? • Asphalt cement, generally organic (paper) backed shingles contain about 30-36% asphalt and fiberglass backed shingles contain 19-22% asphalt • Mineral filler/stabilizer (limestone, silica, dolomite, etc) 8-40% and is usually smaller than 0.15mm and most ~70% is smaller than 0.08mm. Sand sized minerals are in the range of 20-38% • Old shingles that are 20-40 years old are usually organic backed and newer shingles are usually fiberglass backed. • 11 million tons per year (counting 1 million of factory scraps)

5. Asbestos? • In 1963 the content of asbestos in shingles was only about 0.02% by weight • In 1977, the content of asbestos in shingles was only 0.00016% by weight • The chances of you finding ANY asbestos in tear off roofing shingles is a about 0.8% of shingles [0.5% show a trace, 0.17% show 2%, 0.11% show 5% (based on 1770 samples as reported by Chelsea Center 2/2003)] • There is no asbestos in new factory rejects

6. Testing for Asbestos • Cost to sample is generally $12-25 per sample. • Each incoming load may be required to be sampled at least once. • Ground end product may also be sampled. • MA samples each incoming load at least once and also the ground end product • NJ one sample per 500 tons outgoing • NC one sample per 30 tons incoming • ME does not require sampling any more

7. Metal Concentrations in ppm • Arsenic 5.6 • Barium 63.4 • Cadmium < 1.09 • Chromium 26.7 • Lead 81.4 • Mercury 0.17 • Selenium <1.1 • Silver <1.63

8. Benz[a] anthracene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[a]pyrene Chrysene Dibenz[ah]anthracene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 42,500 48,000 10,000 33,500 29,000 5,800 25,000 cPAHs in shingles in ppb

9. Bottom Line • No metals are of a big concern if there is no pathway of exposure. • No PAHs including cPAHs are of a big concern if there is no pathway of exposure • Nothing would be deemed to be a “RCRA hazardous waste” in shingles • Asbestos is not an issue in new factory rejects • Asbestos can be an issue in tear off shingles.

10. Is the amount of asphalt in the shingles consistent? Can a mixture of shingles meet DOT requirements for strength, cracking, and durability as well as virgin asphalt? Is there anything that would increase DOT’s liability? Does it save DOT any money? Any PR value? What % of shingles is good for high traffic? What % for other uses including secondary roads, streets, parking lots, bike paths, sidewalks, etc? Short term and long term durability? What about other additives reactions (foamed asphalt, RAP, crumb rubber, SuperPave)? Is there a problem? DOT Issues

11. For the processor…… Do they need a Solid Waste License? Dust? Stormwater? Air Emissions License? Does anything leach out of the ground shingles? Asbestos Testing Plan? Is this disposal? What about other materials co-mingled in the shingles? For the Asphalt Plant Do they need a Beneficial Use or BUD license? Air Emissions at the plant? Storage or dust issues? DEP ISSUES

12. Processor Issues • What kind of licenses or permits do we need to do this? State? Local? • What kind of tipping fee vs the cost of landfill disposal can we charge? • What kind of equipment do we need to process to a specification size? • Do we have a market or end user? • Is there a PR bonus?

13. Processor Issues • What kind of shingles do we want to process? • New or Tear Offs or Both? • What kind of testing is going to be required? • Do we need to modify our facility for storm water management, storage, dust, or traffic issues? • What other stuff might be mixed in with the shingles? • How are the shingles going to get here?

14. Asphalt Plant Issues • Changes in asphalt formulation to meet DOT specs? QA/QC plan to prove it? • Operational issues for storage or handling? • Air emission issues? • Additional incurred expenses? Bag house maintenance issues? • Is it cost effective? • Any PR bonus? • Different % mixes for different customers? • Other potential products such as 50/50 road base?

15. Suggestion • Easiest way to get in the game would be to use new shingles at a 2-5% replacement mix, but it has to meet the DOT spec. • Partner up a “team” with a Solid Waste Processor, Asphalt Plant, DOT, DEP, and perhaps the University to do “pilot projects” (stretch of road, a parking lot, bike paths, heavy truck roadway) if required. • Set up a “review team” to evaluate the project on a schedule to answer the performance questions. • Capitalize on good PR.

16. Do your homework • The addition of ground shingles will affect the 1) virgin asphalt binder content and 2) the gradation properties of the total aggregate size and fraction. You will need to design the asphalt composition mix a little to meet the DOT specs. Keep in mind that size of the ground shingles counts in how much asphalt is incorporated in the mix. • Pick up these reference materials to figure out the changes in the HBA mix AASHTO PP 53 AASHTO MP 15-2

17. Suggestion • If tear off shingles are proposed to be used, come up with an acceptable asbestos sampling plan to statistically verify and certify that the ground shingles are acceptable for the end use. All of the parties need to buy into this this plan. • Make provisions for any needed changes in the sampling plan for more frequent/less frequent sampling, but make sure that the end user or customer is part of that agreement. • Segregate the material to be tested until the results come back from the lab if needed. • Address this issue up front in your project with your customers.

18. Questions to be asked • What kind of permits or changes do I need for my facility or to get a beneficial use license? • What kind of testing need I do to do to satisfy the regulators with respect to asbestos or anything else? • What kind of pilot or test project would be required to “prove the material” to satisfy DOT? • Is there a % of shingles in HBA that is “just OK”? • Could the University assist me in answering these questions?

19. Quick Summary • Recycled new and used shingles can work in both HBA and in other products, but you have to do some work to make it happen. • Concentrate on making sure that you are able to deliver a consistent product that meets the needs of the end user. • You need to be able to prove to the end user that this is an acceptable replacement for virgin asphalt.

20. Other people that you may want to speak with…. • DEP /DOT Commissioner to get you to the correct people for your project • Someone from the State Pollution Prevention (P2), State Recycling, or the State Planning Office • Resource Materials Recycling Center www.rmrc.unh.edu • AASHTO for reference materials

21. Shingles to be processed

24. Town Road

25. Cold Patch

26. Private road

27. Subdivision road

28. Driveway

30. Randy McMullinEnvironmental SpecialistBeneficial Use of Solid Waste Program Maine Department of Environmental Protection • Randy.L.McMullin @maine.gov • (207) 822-6343