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Alternative Feeds

Alternative Feeds. Oklahoma Master Cattleman Program Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University. Supplemental feeding is recommended for grazing cattle when:. Correcting for nutritional deficiency Increased performance is desired Stretching forage supplies is necessary.

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Alternative Feeds

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  1. Alternative Feeds Oklahoma Master Cattleman Program Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University

  2. Supplemental feeding is recommended for grazing cattle when: • Correcting for nutritional deficiency • Increased performance is desired • Stretching forage supplies is necessary

  3. Traditional Supplements • Alfalfa hay • Corn, grain sorghum, or wheat • Cottonseed or soybean meal

  4. Alternative feeds gaining popularity • By-products of grain and/or oilseed milling. • Common Examples: Wheat midds, corn gluten feed, soybean hulls • Uncommon Examples: Bakery waste products, bean sprouts, peanut skins

  5. Strengths of alternative feeds • Economical to purchase and use. • Generally available. • Usually high quality feedstuff. • Good source of phosphorous and potassium.

  6. Weaknesses of alternative feeds • Variation in nutrient concentration, and moisture content. • Feed analysis on each load highly recommended. • Limited utility as single ingredient supplement. • Often requires calcium to balance mineral content. • Potentially toxic levels of sulphur present. • Very seasonal in availability. • May require additional handling and storage equipment and facilities.

  7. Barley Malt Sprout Pellets • By-product of beer brewing process. • Palatable feed containing 18% CP, 68% TDN, 1.4% fat. • High phosphorous, and sulphur content. • Potential toxicity problems with high sulphur content. • Relatively economical cost per pound of gain.

  8. Corn Gluten Feed • By-product of high fructose corn syrup production. • Highly rumen degradable protein source, 22-28% CP, 83% TDN, 2.4% fat. • Palatability variable with grazing cattle. • Energy value equal to corn when fed at 0.5% of body weight. • Potential toxicity problems with high sulphur content.

  9. Dried Distillers Grains • By-product of the distilling industry. • Nutrient content 25-30% CP, 88% TDN, 8-12% fat. • Ruminally degradable protein 40-50%. • Considered a protein supplement, but energy value equal to corn gluten feed.

  10. Hominy Feed • By-product of hominy grits, and corn meal milling process. • Palatable feed, 10-12% CP, 94% TDN, 7-8% fat. • Should be analyzed for fat content. • Limited to 0.5% of body weight of grazing cattle because of high fat content.

  11. Rice Bran • By-product of the rice milling industry. • 14% CP, 70% TDN, 12-16% fat • High fat content can cause rancidity problems during summer storage. • Small particle size, starch, and fat content present potential digestive problems. • Grazing cattle limited to 0.4% of body weight.

  12. Soybeans • Economical when they can be pruchased at a discount due to drowth, “damaged”, ‘green’, etc. • Damaged soybeans contain 25-38% CP, 80-90% TDN, 14-18% fat. • Should be fed cracked, or coarsely ground. • Not for calves < 300 lbs., or cattle consuming urea containing supplements. • Limit to 0.3% of body weight of grazing cattle.

  13. Soybean Hulls • By-product of soy- bean oil processing. • 10-16% CP, 64% TDN, 2% fat • Energy from highly digestible fiber. • Energy equal to corn when limited to 0.5% of body weight of grazing cattle. • Avoid bloat by feeding 3-4 lbs. effective fiber when self-feeding hulls.

  14. Sunflower Meal • By-product of the sun flower oil production process. • Protein highly rumen degradable. • 26% CP, 44% TDN, 1.2% fat • Low digestibility of hulls limits energy value. • Buy based on cost per unit of protein.

  15. Wheat • Used for humans and usually too expensive as feed grain. • Low test weight, sprout-damaged wheat sometimes competitively priced to feed grains. • Higher rumen degradability of protein than corn. • 14-16% CP, 88% TDN, 2% fat • Must be rolled or coarsely ground to be utilized. • Must be blended at no more than 30-50% of complete ration.

  16. Wheat Middlings • By-product of flour milling process. • 16-19% CP, 69% TDN, 4.9% fat • Performance similar to corn and soybean supplement in grazing cattle. • Energy from highly digestible fiber and starch, and should be limited to 1% of body weight. • Susceptible to molding at moisture content above 11%.

  17. Whole Cottonseed • By-product of cotton ginning process. • Uniquely high in energy, fat, protein, fiber, and palatability. • 24% CP, 96% TDN, 23% fat • Because of high fat content, limit feed at 0.5-.75% body weight of grazing cattle. • Does not flow in mechanical systems, must be handled manually.

  18. Conclusion • By-product feeds highly variable in price throughout the year. • They are very seasonal in availability. • They offer an opportunity to reduce the cost of production. • They often require additional handling and storage equipment and facilities. • Usually require a feed analysis to use safely, and effectively. • Producers need to be “on top” of their supplemental feeding program, and aware of commodity feed prices.

  19. Questions?

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