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How to half N-losses, improve N-efficiencies and maintain yields? The Danish Case

How to half N-losses, improve N-efficiencies and maintain yields? The Danish Case.

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How to half N-losses, improve N-efficiencies and maintain yields? The Danish Case

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  1. How to half N-losses, improve N-efficiencies and maintain yields? The Danish Case By Tommy Dalgaard (tommy.dalgaard@agrsci.dk), C.D. Børgesen, J.F. Hansen, N.J. Hutchings, U. Jørgensen and A. Kyllingsbæk. Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Department of Agroecology. Plantekongres 2006. Session T96: Tools for reducing N-losses. Can we fulfil the WFD?

  2. Programme • Agriculture & Environmental problems __in Denmark • Developments in the N balance • N-yields versus N-losses • Catalogue of statutory measures to __improve N-management • _- How half N-losses and maintain yields?

  3. Intensive agriculture in Denmark • 2,7 mio ha agricultural land (63% of total area) • 5 mio people - 4,5 mio t milk - 24 mio pigs/yr • 8 t milk/cow/yr • 24 piglets/sow/yr • 7,5 t wheat/ha/yr • 7500 km coastline • Drinking water = groundwater

  4. Dairy Cows Pigs Wheat(1000’s) (1000’s) (1000 ha)

  5. The nitrogen balance

  6. Development phases N-imports N-exports NB: year 2000= index 100

  7. I: Traditional livestock farming (1900-1950) I I NB: year 2000= index 100

  8. II: The green revolution (1950-1983) I II I II NB: year 2000= index 100

  9. III: Sustainable development (1984-?) I II III I II III NB: year 2000= index 100

  10. N-exports and crop yields

  11. N-surplus, N-leaching and N-efficiency

  12. Distribution of simulated N-leaching

  13. Action plans to reduce N-losses • 1985: Action plan to reduce N- and P-pollution • 1987: First action plan for the aquatic environment (AP-I) • (Aim: half N-losses and reduce P-losses by 80%) • 1991: Action plan for sustainable agriculture • 1998: Second Action Plan (AP-II) • 2000: AP-II midterm evaluation and enforcement • 2001: Ammonia Action Plan • 2004: Third Action Plan (AP-III)

  14. The 1985 Action Plan

  15. AP-I for the Aquatic Environment

  16. Action Plan for Sust. Agriculture

  17. AP-II for the Aquatic Environment

  18. Ammonia Action Plan

  19. AP-III for the Aquatic Environment

  20. Summary • Improved N-management via: • Mandatory fertilisation accounts • Norms for fertilisation of crops • Subsidies for new manure equipment and __environmental friedly practices • Extensive research, demonstration and __advisory programmes • Better utilisation of manures

  21. Norms for manure N-utilisation% plant available N in manures

  22. Conclusion • The regulations have been succesfull and might serve as inspiration for other countries • N-leaching almost halved from 1985-2004 • Livestock production increased by 30% • N crop yields sustained • Still posibilities and environmental needs for improvements. • Better methods for regionalised assessments needed for the implementation of the WFD

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