MICRO AIR VEHICLES

1. MICRO AIR VEHICLES

2. WHAT ARE MAVS(AV’S)? Multi functional, militarily capable, small flight vehicles. size should be less than15cms. Reynolds's no < 10^5. For a Primarily intended and developed for defence applications.

7. WHY MAV’S? WHY NOT SOMETHING BIGGER? • Keeps security personnel out of harms by providing situational awareness right down to platoon level. • Direct connectivity • Can be individually controlled • Can be used for a wide range of new missions _ (even unthought-of before)

8. Reconnaissance Surveillance Defence applications Weather forecast Wildlife study &photography Crowd control Targeting Border surveillance Traffic monitoring Tracking criminals & illegal activities Biochemical sensing inspection of pipes APPLICATIONS

9. OVER THE HILL RECONNAISSANCE

10. MOTHER BIRD APPROACH

11. Tracking of chemicals

12. MAIN SUB SYSTEMS • FLIGHT CONTROL • PROPULSION SYSTEM • COMMUNICATION SYSTEM • GUIDANCE&NAVIGATION

13. MAV flight regime compared with existing flight vehicles

14. FLIGHT CONTROL&AERODYNAMICS • Reynolds's no:= inertia force/viscous force • Low Reynolds's no: flights may have lift to drag ratio of 5 to 10. • The best aspect ratios usually lie between 1&2 • Angle of attack should be 5-12° for good endurance. • If angle of attack <5, low aerodynamic efficiency • Endurance=/power requirement • For optimal endurance the mav should fly at7°

15. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE CONTROL • Use strategies using MEMS • Create &install tiny sensors • miniature actuators • Flow character controlled by sensor arrays • Flexible membranes or micro flaps to affect the flow as required • Micro motors piezoelectric devices magneto elastic ribbons

16. WING DESIGN AND FABRICATION • Types of wings • wing shapes • Composite materials, • Carbon fibres • carbon fibre-balsawood sand witches are commonly used

18. Inflatable wing • Distend (fill) with air or gas • Application in UAV, military • To stow the wings • Can be launched from gun or aircraft

19. Advantages of aircrafts with inflatable wings • Can be packed to 1/10 of original size • Low mass • Low power requirements • High reusability • It can be steered, accelerated, and decelerated in level flight. • High stability and control • High lift and slow landing speed

20. Experiment on inflatable wing • Experiment conducted using I 2000 • It was launched from 800-1000 feet • Inflatable wings comes out in 1\3 sec • Successfully controlled the launch,flight and landing

21. Controlling of wing • by using piezoelectric material

22. actuator can be quartz and substrate can be aluminum or steel • inflatable wings has smooth surface so low value of skin friction

23. I-2000 & X-24A • Both have inflatable wing • I-2000 is UAV • X-24A is manned

24. Disadvantages • They are not self powered • Cannot launch from ground • There are chances of air bag buckling

25. PROPULSION SYSTEM • Propulsion system alone consumes 90% of total power • Lithium alkaline batteries • IC engines • Reciprocating chemical muscle • Lithium battery that recharges using solar energy and fuel cells are also future prospects • Self consuming systems

27. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM • A video/still camera, • various sensors, • micro processors, • Transducers • & an omni directional antennae

28. GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION • A combination of GPS+inertial sensing is ideal • Geographical information system to provide a map terrain for infrastructure would be great • Pressure sensors

29. MAV SYSTEM INTEGRATION