110 likes | 223 Views
The Second War for American Independence. The War Of 1812. France and Britain were at War Both France and Britain “ impressed” American sailors Impressment - seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into their navy “War Hawks” pressured US Congress
E N D
The Second War for American Independence The War Of 1812
France and Britain were at War Both France and Britain “impressed” American sailors Impressment- seizingAmericans at sea and drafting them into their navy “War Hawks” pressured US Congress Westerners thought British were supplying weapons to Indians Causes of the War
Embargo Act of 1807 – prohibited all American trade with foreign ports • Greatly hurt American shipping and the US economy • New Englanders hated Jefferson (“Mad Tom”) Jefferson’s Response
James Madison elected in 1808 • Realized that Embargo Act hurt US much more than France or Britain • Passed the “Non-Intercourse Act” • Re-opened American trade with all nations except France and Britain • Would trade with France and Britain if they would respect US neutral rights Madison’s Response
War Hawks-- New, young Republicans came to Congress from “frontier” states • War was the only way to • defend American honor • gain Canada • destroy Native American Resistance The “War Hawks” Call for War
Settlers pushing the Indians further westward, creating more conflicts, thought British were supplying arms • Shawnee decided to fight back • Leaders: Tecumseh & Prophet • attempted to unite all tribes east of the Mississippi • 1811 -- Battle of Tippecanoe: General William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh Problems With Native Americans
June 18, 1812 -- Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war War was declared, before Britain’s offer to stop was received Critics referred to “Mr. Madison’s War” War Is Declared
1812 -- US invaded Canada in three places but failed to take over • Burned the Canadian City of York (Toronto) • 1813 -- British Fleet destroyed on Lake Erie • American privateers damaged British shipping • British navy blockaded US Coast Major Events of 1812-1813
Chesapeake Campaign • 1814 -- British burned Washington, DC • First Lady Dolley Madison rescued valuables from the White House • Battle of Fort McHenry -- British bombard Baltimore, MD • Francis Scott Key -- wrote TheStar Spangled Banner after the Battle of Fort McHenry Major Events of 1814
Hartford Convention -- Group of New England Federalists were going to Hartford Convention to oppose war, but the war ended before the convention. • Treaty of Ghent signed -- December 24, 1814 • 1815 -- Battle of New Orleans • Jackson and the Americans defeated the British, Jackson became a hero • militarily insignificant because the war is already over More Events of 1814-1815
Britain and US call it a draw -- no one wins • December 1814 -- Treaty of Ghent is signed • Hostilities cease • all borders go back to pre-war status • all land returned to original owners • US Independence is won for good Results of the War