Unit 5: The Early Republic

1. Unit 5: The Early Republic

2. Bell Ringer:What characteristics make a good president? Why How important do you think the president is to the course of American History? Why?

3. Activating Strategy:What do you know about George Washington? 1) Write down all that you know about him in 1 minute. 2) For 1 minute, use a give-one/get-one activity to compare your list with others around the room.

4. I. Starting the Government • A. George Washington – • elected unanimously • B. Vice president – • John Adams • C. GW set many precedents • 1. serving only two terms • 2. setting up a team of advisors (cabinet)

5. D. Congress set up three executive departments 1. Department of State: Thomas Jefferson 2. Department of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton 3. Department of War: Henry Knox

6. E. Judiciary Act passed • 1. Set up federal court • system • 2. Allowed for 1 Chief • Justice (John Jay) • and 5 Associate • Justices. • F. Bill of Rights added to • the Constitution

7. Discussion Point:What should the current policy of the United States be toward foreign nations? Why do you think this?

8. II. Early Troubles • A. Foreign Policy 1. French Revolution (1789) begins 20 years of war in Europe French King Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette

9. Storming the Bastille Attack on the Royal Palace

10. 2. America decides to remain neutral • a. Many supported it at first, but the violence • turned most away from helping • b. Neutrality Proclamation was passed – no aid • to either side

11. Execution of the King and Queen of France

12. B. National Problems 1. state debts – who should pay? • a. northern states owe more than southern • state • b. National Government was in debt with • bonds – money borrowed from citizens • c. Compromise – national government pays • off all state debts, but the nation’s • capital is moved south to Washington, • D. C.

14. 2. Whiskey Rebellion (1794) a. easier to haul whiskey than the corn it was made from b. government begins to tax whiskey c. farmers in western PA rebel

15. Tax Bill for the Whiskey Producers • d. GW sends in the militia – rebellion over

16. C. New Government Remains STRONG • 1. Bank of the United States of America • a. Congress needed a place to store the tax money • collected • b. Bank issued money, made loans, and • paid bills

17. D. Political Parties begin to develop 1. Federalists (led by Hamilton & John Adams) 2. Republicans (led by Jefferson & James Madison)

19. Washington Evaluation On a blank sheet of paper write 1-2 paragraphs containing the following information: 1) How did Washington perform his job as president? 2) What important things did he do as president? 3) What problems did he face and how did he handle them? 4) Would you have voted to elect or reelect him? Why or Why not?

20. III. Foreign Relations • A. War Scare with France 1. France & Britain were at war & tried to involve the U. S. 2. France interfered with American shipping 3. XYZ Affair • a. an attempt to extort money from American • diplomats 1. $250,000 for Talleyrand and $10 million for France • b. Americans were ANGRY!!!!!!

21. Talleyrand: French Foreign Minister

22. 4. John Adams solves the problems with diplomacy • a. Builds up U.S. Navy and Army as a show • of strength • b. Continues talks with Talleyrand and wins out

23. B. Alien & Sedition Acts are enacted 1. Attempts to quiet complaints against the Federalists • 2. Alien Act – Expel any foreigner that is thought to • be dangerous to America, and made it • harder to become American 3. Sedition Act – Citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing the government or officials

24. 4. These laws go against the 1st Amendment 5. Can states ignore laws they believe are unconstitutional??? • a. Jefferson says that states can nullify a law • passed, passed by Virginia and Kentucky b. Issue left hanging for decades

25. Bell Ringer:Why do wars begin?Are they justifiable, or simply acts of aggression.

26. IV. War of 1812 • A. New president – James • Madison • B. Britain & France still • trying to involve U. S. in • their war • 1.U.S. traders trade with the two and make • profits • 2. British navy captured ships and • impressed American sailors

27. British Press Gangs Taking American Sailors

28. C. Diplomatic solutions • 1. Embargo Act – banned all imports & exports to • U.S. • a. This hurt them, but hurt us more – smuggling • began • 2. Non-Intercourse Act – banned trade with just • Britain & France

29. D. When diplomatic solutions fail – some Congressmen • want war 1. War Hawks want to obtain Canada 2. U. S. felt it had to prove itself – war declared June 1, 1812 • E. America poorly prepared for war 1. 6000 man Army & state militias 2. Navy – 20 ships vs. 800 British ships 3. Not enough money to fund the war

30. “War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

31. F. Course of the War 1. Attempt to conquer Canada failed

32. 2. Naval Victories a. Battle of Lake Erie (Oliver Hazzard Perry)

33. b. Battle of New Orleans, 1815 (fought after the war was over!)

34. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

35. 3. Defeats on Land - White House burned in August 1814

36. 4. National Anthem a. written by Francis Scott Key (September 1814) • b. witness to the bombardment of Fort • McHenry, near Baltimore

37. Battle of Fort McHenry,1814 Oh Say Can You See By the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

38. Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there..

39. Overviewof theWarof1812

40. Discussion Point:With the war at an end, what terms would you try to negotiate for with the British?

41. G. War ends in a stalemate (Treaty of Ghent, • 1814) – nothing changed!

42. V. “The Era of Good Feelings” • A. James Monroe elected 5th • president • B. Problems with Britain • solved diplomatically • C. Monroe Doctrine 1. Latin American nations become independent of Spain 2. Some European nations want to help Spain regain power 3. U. S. tells Europe not to interfere in Latin America

44. What is Manifest Destiny?

45. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

46. “Manifest Destiny” • First used by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federal development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." • A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

47. Manifest Destiny: • belief that America had • the right to Expand to • the West coast. • A. Louisiana Purchase 1. Napoleon & France owned the Louisiana Territory 2. Americans want access to New Orleans 3. Napoleon needs money to fight wars in Europe

48. a. 500 million acres of land purchased b. $15 million – 3¢ an acre!

49. c. Size of the U. S. is doubled

50. d. Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-1806) 1. sent by Jefferson to explore the new territory 2. Sacajawea – guide, interpreter (young Indian woman)