Unit 2: Lesson 3 Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

1. Unit 2: Lesson 3Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

2. How do organisms get energy? • Matter– anything that has mass and takes up space. • Organisms need energy! • Energy – is the ability to do work. • 2 ways to get energy and matter. • 1. Sun – Producers use sunlight to make their own food through photosynthesis. • 2. Other organisms – Consumers get energy by eating other organisms.

3. What happens to energy and matter in ecosystems? • The law of conservation of energy – states that energy cannot be created or destroyed . • But it can change forms! • Light energy converted into food • When sugars are used and heat is given off. • Wind energy into electrical energy.

4. What happens to energy and matter in ecosystems? The law of conservation of mass – states that mass cannot be created or destroyed. But it can change forms!

5. How does energy move through an ecosystem? Omnivores Carnivores Herbivores Producers Energy pyramid – used to trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem. There is less energy and fewer organisms at the top. Energy is lost as it is being consumed by the levels.

6. The Water Cycle • Water cycle - Water moves between the ocean, the atmosphere, and the land. • 2 main ways water enters the atmosphere. • 1. Evaporation – Heat from the sun causes water to change from a liquid to a gas or vapor. • 2. Transpiration – Plants release water vapor from their leaves due to the heat of the sun.

7. The Water Cycle • 2 main ways water enters the atmosphere. • 1. Condensation – Water vapor or gas cools and returns to a liquid. • 2. Precipitation – the water that falls from the atmosphere to the land and ocean. • Rain, snow, sleet, and hail. • Most precipitation falls into the oceans. • Runoff – the precipitation that falls on land and flows into streams and rivers. • Groundwater – the water that seeps into the ground.

8. The Water Cycle

9. The Water Cycle • The Water Cycle Song (she’ll be coming around the mountain) • Oh the water has a cycle yes it does, • Oh the water has a cycle yes it does. • It goes up in evaporation, forms a cloud in condensation, falls back down as precipitation • Yes it does! • Oh the water has a cycle yes it does, • Oh the water has a cycle yes it does. • It runs off to lakes and streams from the oceans and the seas • It transpires from plant’s leaves • Yes it does! video The life of a raindrop Video 2

10. The Nitrogen Cycle The movement of nitrogen between the environment and living things. Most of Earth’s atmosphere is Nitrogen gas. Most organisms can not use Nitrogen gas. Nitrogen fixation – a process where bacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use known as ammonia. Animals get nitrogen by eating the plants or other consumers Decomposers return nitrogen to the soil and the cycle starts again.

11. The Nitrogen Cycle Video animation Video

12. The Carbon Cycle Video • Carbon Cycle – the movement of carbon between organisms and the environment. • Carbon is found almost everywhere: • Sugars • The atmosphere as carbon dioxide • Bodies of water • Rocks and soils • Organisms • Fossil fuels

13. The Carbon Cycle Video Carbon cycle song