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Java GUI - java.awt and javax.swing -

Java GUI - java.awt and javax.swing -. Useful Components. JLabel, TextField, JPasswordField JScrollPane, JTextArea JCheckBox JPanel, JRadioButton JComboBox. JLabel, TextField, JPasswordField. import javax.swing.*; // 引用套件 import javax.swing.event.*; import java.awt.*;

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Java GUI - java.awt and javax.swing -

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  1. Java GUI- java.awt and javax.swing -

  2. Useful Components • JLabel, TextField, JPasswordField • JScrollPane, JTextArea • JCheckBox • JPanel, JRadioButton • JComboBox

  3. JLabel, TextField, JPasswordField import javax.swing.*; //引用套件 import javax.swing.event.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class LabelFieldEX extends JFrame{ JLabel lbName = new JLabel("帳號(N) : ", JLabel.RIGHT); JLabel lbPW = new JLabel("密碼(P) : ", JLabel.RIGHT); JTextField tfName = new JTextField(20); JPasswordField pfPW = new JPasswordField(20); JLabel lbEnter = new JLabel("按下 Enter 取得的資料 : "); //以匿名內部類別的方式定義並宣告監聽器物件 ActionListener al = new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { //回應ActionEvent事件時, 更新lbEnter標籤的內容 lbEnter.setText("按下 Enter 取得的資料 : [" + tfName.getText() + "] [" + new String(pfPW.getPassword()) + "]"); } };

  4. LabelFieldEX(){ lbName.setDisplayedMnemonic('N'); //設定使用N搭配Alt鍵做為記憶鍵 lbName.setLabelFor(tfName); //設定lbName標籤為tfName文字欄位的名稱 lbPW.setDisplayedMnemonic('P'); //設定使用P搭配Alt鍵做為記憶鍵 lbPW.setLabelFor(pfPW); //設定lbPW標籤為tfPW文字欄位的名稱 pfPW.setEchoChar('@'); //設定密碼欄使用的遮罩字元 //註冊回應ActionEvent事件的監聽器 tfName.addActionListener(al); pfPW.addActionListener(al); JPanel jpCenter = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2)); jpCenter.add(lbName); //將元件加入JPanel子容器 jpCenter.add(tfName); jpCenter.add(lbPW); jpCenter.add(pfPW); Container cp = getContentPane(); //取得內容面版 cp.add(jpCenter); //將元件加入面版 cp.add(lbEnter, BorderLayout.SOUTH); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //設定關閉視窗將預設結束程式 setSize(300, 120); //設定視窗框架大小 setVisible(true); //顯示視窗框架 } public static void main(String args[]) { new LabelFieldEX(); //宣告視窗框架物件 } }

  5. JScrollPane, JTextArea import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.text.*; //引用包含Document介面的套件 import javax.swing.event.*; //引用包含CaretListener介面的套件 import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; //引用處理事件的event套件 public class TextAreaEX extends JFrame{ JTextArea taText = new JTextArea(5, 30); //宣告文字區物件, 並定義為5列30行 JScrollPane spText = new JScrollPane(taText); //以文字區物件建立捲軸面版 JLabel lbText = new JLabel("文字區 :"); JLabel lbTextPos = new JLabel("顯示游標位置"); JLabel lbDocAct = new JLabel("顯示文字區內容的編輯動作"); //定義實作CaretListener介面回應CaretEvent事件的監聽器 CaretListener cl = new CaretListener(){ public void caretUpdate(CaretEvent e){ lbTextPos.setText("文字區游標位置 : " + e.getDot()); if(e.getDot() != e.getMark()) //判斷是否執行範圍選取 lbTextPos.setText(lbTextPos.getText() + " 選取範圍從 " + e.getDot() + "至" + e.getMark()); } };

  6. TextAreaEX(){ taText.setLineWrap(true); //設定文字區自動斷行 taText.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 15)); //設定使用的字型 taText.addCaretListener(cl); //註冊回應CaretEvent事件的監聽器 Document doc = taText.getDocument(); //取得文字區的Document物件 //註冊Document物件之事件的監聽器, 以回應文字內容的新增與刪除動作, //並示範在呼叫addDocumentListener()時, 定義監聽器類別 doc.addDocumentListener(new DocumentListener(){ public void insertUpdate(DocumentEvent e) { //資料新增動作 lbDocAct.setText("資料新增至文字區"); } public void removeUpdate(DocumentEvent e) { //資料刪除動作 lbDocAct.setText("移除文字區內容"); } public void changedUpdate(DocumentEvent e) { } }); //建立包含顯示文字區狀態之標籤的Box容器 Box bxShow = new Box(BoxLayout.Y_AXIS); bxShow.add(lbTextPos); bxShow.add(lbDocAct); Container cp = getContentPane(); //取得內容面版 cp.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); //設定使用FlowLayout配置 cp.add(lbText); //將元件加入面版 cp.add(spText); cp.add(bxShow); //設定視窗關閉動作、視窗大小, 並顯示視窗 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(350, 230); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new TextAreaEX(); //建立視窗框架 } }

  7. JCheckBox import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; //引用處理事件的event套件 import java.util.*; public class CheckBoxEX extends JFrame{ JLabel lbTitle = new JLabel("選取項目 : "); //宣告核取方塊物件, 並設定標籤文字 JCheckBox cbSpe1 = new JCheckBox("PHP"), cbSpe2 = new JCheckBox("JSP"), cbSpe3 = new JCheckBox("ASP"), cbSpe4 = new JCheckBox("ASP.NET"), cbSpe5 = new JCheckBox("Perl"); //定義並宣告回應ItemEvent事件的監聽器 ItemListener il = new ItemListener(){ LinkedList<JCheckBox> llSel = new LinkedList<JCheckBox>(); //宣告儲存狀態為選取的JCheckBox物件 public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) { JCheckBox cbSource = (JCheckBox) e.getSource(); //取得事件來源物件 //判斷觸發的為選取事件還是取消選取事件 if(e.getStateChange() == e.SELECTED) llSel.add(cbSource); else if(e.getStateChange() == e.DESELECTED) llSel.remove(cbSource); StringBuffer sbActionCommand = new StringBuffer("選取項目 : "); //運用for迴圈輸出被選取之JCheckBox物件的動作命令字串 for(JCheckBox elm: llSel) sbActionCommand.append(elm.getActionCommand() + ", "); lbTitle.setText(sbActionCommand.toString()); //設定被選取lbText的顯示內容 } };

  8. CheckBoxEX(){ Box boxSpe = new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); //建立放置核取方塊的Box boxSpe.add(cbSpe1); //將元件放入Box容器 boxSpe.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); boxSpe.add(cbSpe2); boxSpe.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); boxSpe.add(cbSpe3); boxSpe.add(cbSpe4); boxSpe.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); boxSpe.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); boxSpe.add(cbSpe5); cbSpe1.addItemListener(il); //註冊回應ItemEvent事件的監聽器 cbSpe2.addItemListener(il); cbSpe3.addItemListener(il); cbSpe4.addItemListener(il); cbSpe5.addItemListener(il); Container cp = getContentPane(); //取得內容面版 cp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1)); //設定運用GridLayout配置版面 cp.add(lbTitle); //將元件加入內容面版 cp.add(boxSpe); //設定視窗預設的關閉動作、視窗大小, 並顯示視窗 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(350, 100); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new CheckBoxEX(); //建立視窗框架物件 } }

  9. JPanel, JRadioButton import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.border.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; //引用處理事件的event套件 public class RadioEX extends JFrame{ JLabel lbTitle = new JLabel("設定對齊方式"); ButtonGroup bgHAlign = new ButtonGroup(); JRadioButton rbLeft = new JRadioButton("靠左"); JRadioButton rbCenter = new JRadioButton("置中"); JRadioButton rbRight = new JRadioButton("靠右"); //定義並宣告監聽器 ActionListener al = new ActionListener(){ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ String command = e.getActionCommand(); //取得觸發事件之元件的動作命令字串 //判斷動作命令字串以設定標籤內文字的對齊方式 if(command.equals("Left")) lbTitle.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.LEFT); else if(command.equals("Center")) lbTitle.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); else if(command.equals("Right")) lbTitle.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT); } };

  10. RadioEX(){ lbTitle.setVerticalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); //設定標籤內文字的垂直對齊方式 JPanel plHAlign = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 10, 5)); //建立放置核取方塊的JPanel plHAlign.add(rbLeft); //將選擇鈕加入JPanel內 plHAlign.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); plHAlign.add(rbCenter); plHAlign.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); plHAlign.add(rbRight); bgHAlign.add(rbLeft); //將選擇鈕加入ButtonGroup bgHAlign.add(rbCenter); bgHAlign.add(rbRight); Border border = BorderFactory.createTitledBorder( BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.gray, 2), "設定文字的水平對齊方式" , TitledBorder.LEFT, TitledBorder.TOP); //宣告標題框線物件, 標題文字將靠左靠上對齊, 顏色為淺灰, 寬度為2 plHAlign.setBorder(border); //設定JPanel使用的框線 rbLeft.setActionCommand("Left"); //設定選擇鈕的動作命令字串 rbCenter.setActionCommand("Center"); rbRight.setActionCommand("Right"); rbLeft.addActionListener(al); //註冊回應ActionEvent事件的監聽器 rbCenter.addActionListener(al); rbRight.addActionListener(al); rbLeft.setSelected(true); //設定選取靠左對齊 Container cp = getContentPane(); //取得內容面版 cp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1)); //設定使用GridLayout管理版面 cp.add(lbTitle); //將元件加入內容面版 cp.add(plHAlign); //設定視窗預設的關閉動作、視窗大小, 並顯示視窗 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(350, 200); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new RadioEX(); //宣告視窗框架物件 } }

  11. JComboBox import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.event.*; //引用包含ItemListener介面的套件 import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; //引用處理事件的event套件 public class ComboEX extends JFrame{ //宣告建立組合方塊選項內容的字串 String[] strPay = {"信用卡", "現金", "刷卡", "轉帳", "支票"}; String[] strBank = {"郵局", "建華銀行", "中華商銀", "合作金庫"}; //以包含選項內容的字串建立組合方塊 JComboBox cmbPay = new JComboBox(strPay); JComboBox cmbBank = new JComboBox(strBank); JLabel lbSelPay = new JLabel(); //顯示組合方塊選取結果的標籤 JLabel lbSelBank = new JLabel(); //定義並宣告回應在組合方塊內 //按下 Enter 鍵觸發之ActionEvent的監聽器物件 ActionListener al = new ActionListener(){ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ boolean addItem = true; String strInp = (String) ((JComboBox)e.getSource()).getSelectedItem(); //取得被選取項目 //以for迴圈比對取得選項是否為組合方塊的選項 for(int i=0; i<cmbBank.getItemCount(); i++){ //比對選項字串 if(cmbBank.getItemAt(i).equals(strInp)){ addItem = false; //設定欲將字串加入 break; } } //若取得選項不是組合方塊的選項則將選項插入為選取項目 if(addItem) cmbBank.insertItemAt(strInp, 0); //插入第一個選項 } };

  12. ComboEX(){ cmbPay.setSelectedIndex(1); //設定選項的項目 cmbBank.setSelectedIndex(1); cmbBank.setEditable(true); //設定輸入內容可編輯 ComboBoxEditor cmbeBank = cmbBank.getEditor(); //取得組合方塊內容編輯元件 cmbBank.configureEditor(cmbeBank, "選取或輸入銀行名稱"); //設定內容編輯元件的預設值 //定義並宣告回應ItemEvent事件的監聽器物件 cmbPay.addItemListener(new ItemListener(){ //回應改變選項狀態的動作 public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e){ if(e.getStateChange() == ItemEvent.SELECTED) lbSelPay.setText(cmbPay.getSelectedItem() + "[" + cmbPay.getSelectedIndex() + "]"); } }); cmbBank.addItemListener(new ItemListener(){ //回應改變選項狀態的動作 public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e){ if(e.getStateChange() == ItemEvent.SELECTED) lbSelBank.setText(cmbBank.getSelectedItem() + "[" + cmbBank.getSelectedIndex() + "]"); } });

  13. //註冊回應cmbBank元件ActionEvent事件的監聽器 cmbBank.addActionListener(al); //建立包含各元件的Box容器, 並將元件加入 Box bxPay = new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); bxPay.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); bxPay.add(new JLabel("付款方式 : ", JLabel.RIGHT)); bxPay.add(cmbPay); bxPay.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); bxPay.add(new JLabel("選取結果 : ", JLabel.RIGHT)); bxPay.add(lbSelPay); bxPay.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue()); //建立包含各元件的Box容器, 並將元件加入 Box bxBank = new Box(BoxLayout.X_AXIS); bxBank.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); bxBank.add(new JLabel("匯入銀行 : ", JLabel.RIGHT)); bxBank.add(cmbBank); bxBank.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10)); bxBank.add(new JLabel("選取結果 : ", JLabel.RIGHT)); bxBank.add(lbSelBank); bxBank.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue()); Container cp = getContentPane(); //取得內容面版 cp.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10)); //設定內容面版使用GridLayout管理版面 cp.add(bxPay); //將Box容器加入內容面版 cp.add(bxBank); //設定視窗預設的關閉動作、視窗大小, 並顯示視窗 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setSize(400, 100); setVisible(true); } public static void main(String args[]) { new ComboEX(); //宣告視窗框架物件 } }

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