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El Dia del Independencia

El Dia del Independencia. El 16 de septiembre!. Early History. 20,000 B.C. first humans in Mexico 150 A.D. Teotihuacan completed 125,000 people AD 250-600 Classic Mayan 250-900 A.D. Uxmal Post Classic Period Chichen Itza. Aztecs I. Originally a nomadic tribe

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El Dia del Independencia

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  1. El Dia del Independencia El 16 de septiembre!

  2. Early History • 20,000 B.C. first humans in Mexico • 150 A.D. Teotihuacan completed • 125,000 people AD 250-600 • Classic Mayan 250-900 A.D. • Uxmal • Post Classic Period • Chichen Itza

  3. Aztecs I • Originally a nomadic tribe • Priests led them to the Valle de Mexico-present day Mexico City – Eagle eating a snake on a cactus • The chosen tribe of Huizilopochtli - Aztecs • Around 1325 Tenochtitlan founded on island in el lago Texcoco • Aztec Empire built by Ahuizotl – more than 200,000 inhabitants - over 1,000,000 in the valle • Successor was Monctezuma II • Believed that Hernan Cortes was Quetzalcoatl • Monctezuma saw Quetzalcoatl’s arrival in a mirror in the head of a bird.

  4. Aztecs II • Most dominant Tribe in Valley • Many Sacrifices, 20,000 for newest temple • Many enemies, prisoners were sacrificed • Empire has 38 tax-paying provinces – 5,000,000 people by 1450’s • Exacted tribute for glorification of Aztec Elite • Jade, turquoise, cotton, paper, tobacco, rubber • Cacao and feathers • Human sacrifices were designed to keep the sun alive, believed they were in the fifth world, the other four were destroyed by death of the sun and humanity.

  5. Aztecs III • Used Mayan Calendar Round • 18 20 day months • 365 day years • 52 year rounds • 10,000 yr rounds

  6. Spanish Conquest • 1519-1521 Spanish Conquest – Hernan Cortes • Doubted Aztecs were humans • Brought 11 ships and 550 men with 16 horses • Governor of Cuba Diego Velasquez, who originally commissioned the mission got cold feet and tried to cancel it. • Set sail 2-15-1519 • Based in Cuba – arrived by boat in first in Cozumel • then to Tabasco – smacked around some inhospitable natives picked up la Dona Marina ( La Malinche) and 20 maidens • …finally put in near Veracruz • Made friends with Aztec’s enemies • Monctezuma eventually welcomed the Spaniards • Arrived 11-8-1519 • 6000 indigenous, Cortes, and 400 Spanish troops • Eventually took Monctezuma hostage to prevent any hostility • Cortes left when another fleet was said to have arrived at the coast to arrest him.

  7. Spanish Conquest II • Cortes left 140 soldiers • Cortes’ army defeated the newly arrived party and took as part of his own party the survivors. • Spanish attacked fearing an attack themselves killing 200 • Spanish fled 6-30-1519 and returned with 100,000 of their closest friends.

  8. Colonial Era • By 1524 Aztec Empire was toast. • Silver in Zacatecas, Guanajuato, and other places in 1540’s • Mexican population declined from 25,000,000 to 1,000,000 by 1605. • Pennisulares, Criollos, Mestizos, Indigenous • Dissent began w/Criollos in the late 1700’s • 1808 Napoleon occupied Spain • Spanish control evaporated • Rivalry between Criollos and Penninsulares • Queretaro – Dona Josefa Dominguez Ortiz, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Ignacio Perez, Ignacio Allende, Jose Morelos y Pavon.

  9. Colonial • Mobs marched on Celaya, San Miguel, and Guanajuato • Hidalgo hesitated to attack Mexico thus was captured. • Dead heads • Finally Success

  10. 1810

  11. Church of the grito

  12. Where the Dona was kept

  13. End of it all. • Jose Morelos y Pavon picked up where Hidalgo left off but was captured and killed in 1815. • Finally Augustin Iturbide and Vincente Guerrero earned independence in 1821-this led to Mexico’s first emperor – Augustin I in 1822. • First election -1910 • First REAL election 2000.

  14. Uxmal - Mayans

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