Who is the “Father of Genetics”?

2. Gregor Mendel Who is the “Father of Genetics”? When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND but BOTH SHOW TOGETHER like in A B blood type, it is called _______________ Codominance incomplete dominance codominance

3. heredity Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________. _____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. Genetics

4. RECESSIVE __________________ = An allelethat IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype

5. ALLELES _______________ are different gene choices for a trait.

6. DOMINANT __________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele Red and white flowers producingpink offspring is an example of _______________________ Codominance incomplete dominance Incomplete dominance

7. capital A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter.(usually the first letter of the trait) When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over the other it is called ___________ ____________. Incomplete dominance

8. lower case A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter. What phenotypic ratio would youexpect to see in offspring from a monohybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents? 3:1 Dominant:recessive

9. In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like This is the Correct setup Heterozygous = Bb Pure brown = bb homozygous Another name for pure is _________________

10. Red An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. R = red flowers r = white flowers pink An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. BOTH red & white An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers if this trait was CODOMINANT.

11. T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________. Tt tall

12. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short

13. If you cross a homozygous RED flowered four o’clock plant with a homozygous WHITE flowered plant, ALL of the offspring produced have PINK flowers. This type of inheritance in which the heterozygote (Rr) shows a blending of traits is called __________. A. Dominant/recessive inheritance B. Co-dominance C. Incomplete dominance Incomplete dominance

14. Blue An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. L = Blue legs l = yellow legs green An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. BOTH Blue & yellow An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if this trait was CODOMINANT.

15. red In the cross at the right __________ is dominant for flower color. Which of the following genotypes is from a heterozygous organism? Tt SS bb Mm Rr Tt Mm Rr

16. G g The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous G g If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75

17. The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ bb The offspring in the blue box is homozygous heterozygous homozygous

18. The alleles for blood type show 2 kinds of inheritance.. The following statements are TRUE or FALSE? F A & B are codominant A is dominant over B. O is dominant over A. A is dominant over O. B and A are co-dominant A is incompletely dominant over O. O is recessive to A and to B F O is recessive to both A & B T T F T

19. Type of cell division shown mitosis Tell one reason why a cell would do this Grow organism bigger Repair injuries Replace worn out cells

20. B b B b Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. BB Bb Bb bb What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes

21. Makes 2 daughter cells ______________ Makes haploid cells _______________ Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________ Used to repair injuries ______________ mitosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis meiosis mitosis

22. The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ homozygous heterozygous heterozygous How many of the offspring from this cross will show the dominant characteristic? ¾ (75%) – AA and Aa

23. diploid OR 2n A cell which has 2 copies of every chromosome is called _____________ Type of division that makes daughtercells which are different from the parent cell and different from each other meiosis

24. T Which of the following is NOT TRUE? Genotype determines phenotype Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Genotype is the way the genes make you look. Organisms with different genotypes can have the same phenotype. T F T Tt and TT both look tall

25. Crossing over This diagram is showing _________________ During which phase does this happen? PROPHASE I of meiosis

26. What type of gametes can this organism produce? BbTt ______ ______ _______ _______ BT bt bT Bt What type of gametes can this organism produce? BBTT ______ ______ _______ _______ BT BT BT BT

27. Crossing over The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on homologous pairs is called ________________ The mixing up of maternal and paternal chromosomes as they move apart during anaphase I is called ______________ Independent assortment

28. What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp) mom monster? pp Pp Dad needs to have: a little p to give one to the baby a big P to be purple himself

29. X y An organism has the genotype Xy. What are the possible sperm it can produce? ____________ THINK ABOUT IT: If females have an XX genotype and can only give X genes, which parent is the one that determines whether the baby is a boy or girl? Father ; The mother always gives an X If the father gives a y, it’s a boy. If the father gives an X; it’s a girl.

30. G is dominant for green pods. g is recessive for yellow pods. What is the genotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Gg What is the phenotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Green pods

31. Independent assortment_____________ happens Divides just once_______________ Testes and ovaries do it ____________ Makes cells identical to parent cell __________________ meiosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis meiosis mitosis

32. Makes 4 daughter cells ______________ Makes diploid cells _______________ Copies DNA every __________________ time it divides Used to make gametes ______________ Meiosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis mitosis meiosis

33. This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell cycle in which cells grow and DNA gets replicated. Interphase – G1, S and G2

34. Makes 2n cells ______________ Crossing over happens _______________ Used when organisms __________________ grow bigger Used in sexual reproduction ___________ mitosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis mitosis meiosis

35. Makes 2 daughter cells ______________ Makes haploid cells _______________ Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________ Used to repair injuries ______________ mitosis Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis meiosis mitosis

36. Type of cell division shown meiosis Body organ where you would expect to see the above happen Ovary or testes