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Computer Skills

Computer Skills . CIS-100 CH 1. General Information. Eyad Alshareef. Course Website : www.just.edu.jo/~eyad Textbook Computer Skills - 2013 Textbook Cover. Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer. Eyad Alshareef. Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer. Eyad Alshareef.

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Computer Skills

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  1. Computer Skills CIS-100 CH 1

  2. General Information Eyad Alshareef • Course Website : www.just.edu.jo/~eyad • Textbook Computer Skills - 2013 • Textbook Cover

  3. Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer Eyad Alshareef

  4. Chapter 1: Introduction To Computer Eyad Alshareef • Definition of Computers. • Benefits (functions) of Computers. • Computer hardware. • Operating systems (their definition and functions). • Classification of computers • Computer Problems and Viruses • Definition of data, information and knowledge.

  5. What is Computer Eyad Alshareef • A computer is a programmable machine. • general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. • The first electronic digital computers were developed between 1940 and 1945 in the United Kingdom and United States. See Page # 3

  6. A Computer System (Contd.) • In general, a computer is a machine which accepts data, processes it and returns new information as output. Processing Data Information

  7. Computer Components Eyad Alshareef • Hardware • Software

  8. Hardware Eyad Alshareef • Tangible objects • The actual machinery, wires, transistors, and circuits.

  9. Devices that comprise a computer system Monitor (output) Speaker (output) System unit (processor, memory…) Printer (output) Storage devices (CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…) Mouse (input) Scanner (input) Keyboard (input)

  10. Software Eyad Alshareef • Computer Programs • instructions and data

  11. Computer Units Eyad Alshareef • Input Unit • Output Unit • Central processing Unit • Memory Unit • Mass storageUnit See Page # 4

  12. Computer Units Eyad Alshareef

  13. Computer Hardware Eyad Alshareef

  14. Input Unit Eyad Alshareef • used to provide data and control signals to a Computer. • Provide data in a form understandable by computer (Computer Language) • Main examples Keyboard and mouse

  15. Input Unit Eyad Alshareef • Keyboard • has characters printed on the keys and each press • Different buttons with different types and functions • To know Keyboard buttons types see page 8 figure 4. • Mouse • is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional  motion

  16. Input Unit Eyad Alshareef

  17. Input Unit Eyad Alshareef • Sample Questions • What is the main purpose of input Unit. • List 3 examples of Input Devices • The main examples of Input devices are • One of the following is an example of Input devices

  18. Output Unit Eyad Alshareef • used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by the processing unit. • converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

  19. Output devices Examples Eyad Alshareef • A monitor • What CRT and LCD stands for? • Which type is more familiar these days ? See Page # 9

  20. Output devices Examples Eyad Alshareef 2. Printer • transfers data from a computer onto paper • Compare between the two main types of printers?

  21. Central Processing Unit Eyad Alshareef • CPU • known as microprocessor or processor • It is responsible for all functions and processes

  22. CPU Components Eyad Alshareef • The CPU is comprised of three main parts • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) • Control Unit(CU) • Registers: Stores the data that is to be executed next.

  23. ALU Eyad Alshareef • which executes all arithmetic and logical operations. • Arithmetic calculations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division • Logical operation like compare numbers, letters, or special characters • What is the different between Arithmetic and logical operations?

  24. Control Unit (CU) Eyad Alshareef • controls and co-ordinates computer components. • Read the code for the next instruction to be executed. • Increment the program counter so it points to the next instruction. • Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in memory. • Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register. • If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to perform the requested operation.

  25. Registers Eyad Alshareef • Registers are temporary storage areas which are responsible for holding the data that is to be processed. • Are very fast storage area

  26. Memory Unit Eyad Alshareef • Computer Memory is divided into two main types • Main Memory (Primary) • Secondary Memory • See figure 8 Page 13

  27. Primary Memory Eyad Alshareef • Main Examples of the primary memory are • RAM • ROM

  28. RAM Eyad Alshareef • Stand for Random Access Memory • responsible for storing data on a temporary basis. • It is volatile memory • What volatile means ? • Why the RAM is considered As “Random Access”?

  29. ROM Eyad Alshareef • Stand for Read Only Memory • is a permanent form of storage • Programmed at manufacturing time

  30. Secondary Memory Eyad Alshareef • Stores data and programs permanently • its retained after the power is turned off • Main Examples • Hard Disk • Optical Disk • Flash memory

  31. Hard Disk Eyad Alshareef • Called Disk drive or HDD • stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data. • Stores data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.

  32. Optical Disk & Flash Eyad Alshareef • an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light to store data. • There are three main types of optical media: CD, DVD, and Blu-ray disc • What is CD, DVD, Blu-ray stand for? • What is the average capacity for each type?

  33. RAM V.s Hard Disk Eyad Alshareef • What are the differences between RAM as a main memory and HDD as a Secondary Memory. • See Table 2 Page 15

  34. Software Eyad Alshareef • organized collections of computer data and instructions • two major categories: • systemsoftware • application software

  35. System software Eyad Alshareef • Known as Operating System • is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system • Windows is an example of OS. • List 3 other example of System Software?

  36. Application Software Eyad Alshareef • is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system. • Two types • software package: single program • software suite: multiple program

  37. System Software V.s Application Software Eyad Alshareef • Compare between System Software and application one based on these factors • Definition • Examples • User Interaction • Dependency See Table 3 Page 17 to checkup your answer

  38. Computer Languages Eyad Alshareef • languages that is used to communicate with computers. • Two main Types • Machine language • Machine language is referred as the binary language • machine dependent • High level language • Easy to write and understand (unlike machine) • It was in 1957 that a high level language called FORTRAN was developed by IBM • List some examples of High level language?

  39. Unit of Measurements - Storage Eyad Alshareef

  40. Unit of Measurements - Storage Eyad Alshareef • Sample Question • 3MB equivalent to ___________ Byte • A file with size 3GB required __________ CDs to store it • Each symbol in a keyboard like ‘A’ required ____________ to store it?

  41. Unit of Measurement -Speed Eyad Alshareef • The speed of CPU measured by unit called Hertz (Hz) • 1 Hz represent 1 cycle per second. • The speed of CPU is known as Computer Speed.

  42. Computer Classification Eyad Alshareef • Computers can be classified by size and power to: • Personal computer (PCs) • Workstation: • Minicomputer • Mainframe: • SuperComputer

  43. Computer Classification Eyad Alshareef • Compare between the previous type of computers based on • Price • Processing Speed • Storage Capacity • Powerful • Single-user or Multi-user • Computer Size • Companies size

  44. Laptop computer Eyad Alshareef • is a portable computer. • personal computer that can be easily carried and used in a variety of locations. • run the same softwareand applications in PCs

  45. Laptop computer Eyad Alshareef • How is a Laptop Different from a Desktop? • Touchpad • Battery • AC Adapter • Ports • See page 22 for more details

  46. Netbook Computer Eyad Alshareef • A netbook is a type of laptop that is designed to be even more portable. • Cheaper and less powerful  than laptops or desktops. • Why its called as Netbook? • Compare between laptop size and Netbook size?

  47. Mobile Devices Eyad Alshareef • A mobile device is basically any handheld computer. • It is designed to be extremely portable. • Some mobile devices are more powerful • Types: • Tablet Computers • E-Book Readers • Smartphones

  48. Tablet Computers Eyad Alshareef • designed to be portable. • The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have keyboards or touchpads. • Best used for tasks like web browsing, watching videos, reading e-books, and playing games.

  49. Tablet Computers Eyad Alshareef • some of the main features that you can expect with a tablet computer • Mobile OS • Solid-State Drives • Wi-Fi and 3G/4G • Bluetooth • Give an example of a tablet Computer? • Give an example of Tablet OS?

  50. E-Book Readers Eyad Alshareef • called e-readers • similar to tablet computers, except they are mainly designed for reading e-books (digital, downloadable books) • Two Types • E-Paper display • LCD display • What is the main difference between these types? • Give an example of E-book reader?

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