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Explore the economic expansion, rise of consumerism, and social tensions of the Roaring 20's. Learn about Republican power, the Jazz Age, Prohibition, and more.
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The Roaring 20’s An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict
Ageof Prosperity • Economic expansion • Mass Production • Assembly Line, Interchangeable Parts, and Division of Labor • Age of the Automobile • Ailing Agriculture…
Consumerism • Rise of a Consumer Culture • Case Example: Detroit’s Automobile Industry • Henry Ford – Ford Motor Company • Assembly Line – allows more cars to be produced in the same amount of labor hours • Increases productivity • Makes cars more affordable
New Payment Plans • Installment Plans • Allows a consumer to get the product immediately and pay it off in “installments” over time. • Credit • Allows a consumer to get the product immediately and pay off the cost of it over time WITH INTEREST
Credit Card Example • Credit Card with 5.9% APR • Susie buys a dress for $500 in March • Makes the minimum payment ($20) in March • $500-$20=$480 x .059 = $28.32+$480= $508.32 • Makes the minimum payment ($20) in April • $508.32-$20=$488.32 x .059 = $28.81+$488.32 = $517.13 • Makes the minimum payment ($20) in May • $517.13-$20=$497.13 x .059 = $29.33+$497.13 = $526.46
an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration • U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe • at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed • so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) • so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society
Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty • sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery • 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop • white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land
Jazz Age Presidents All Republicans Harding Coolidge Hoover All believed in Laissez-Faire
Republican Power • President Harding • Elected 1920 • Legacy of Scandals • “Teapot Dome” • Died in office
President Coolidge“The business of America is business.” • Fordney-McCumber Tariff • Smoot-Hawley Tariff (Hoover – signed it) • No help for farmers • Foreign Policy
Outlawing/Preventing War • Washington Naval Conference • Limit Capital Ships-Battleships • Four Power Treaty-respect current holdings in pacific (U.S., Japan, England, France) • Five Power Treaty-Limit Capital ships- U.S. and Britain able to have the most. Japan did not like also outlawed use of poison gas. • Nine Power Treaty-Respect the Open Door Policy • Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war 60 nations
Billy Mitchell • Need for air power • Court Martial
SocialandCultural Tensions Honors US History 11.3
Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Science vs. Religion Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers John Scopes High School Biology teacher
Nativism • Ku Klux Klan re-emerges as the nativist movement achieves power. • Immigration is restricted. • Sacco and Vanzetti Trial • Highlighted the power of nativism.
Qualities of the New Immigrants • More diversity in religion and ethnicity • Catholics, Jews, Orthodox Christians • Left Europe because of religious persecution and poverty • Lured by new jobs in America
Immigrant Discrimination • Persecuted by Nativists • Argued that immigrants: • Increased poverty • Brought crime • Stole American jobs • Hated their different culture
for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic • N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values • this fear was known as NATIVISM • many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe • fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) • basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.
The Ku Klux Klan Great increase In power Anti-black Anti-immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic Anti-women’s suffrage 1915 Anti-bootleggers “It is like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true” – Woodrow Wilson
Prohibition 18th Amendment Volstead Act Gangsters untouchables Al Capone
Reasons for Prohibition • Proposed by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) • Thought it would cure society’s problems (domestic abuse). • Thought it would increase industrial productivity, so factory owners favored it.
Noble Experiment Gone Wrong • Drove drinking underground and added a rebellious aspect to it. • Alcohol became dangerous due to unregulated drinks.
Gangs • Organized Crime and Bootlegging • Gave gangs a tremendous source of income which increased their strength.
Bootleggers A Secret Tunnel for Booze “Bathtub Gin”
Al Capone • Controlled the Italian Mafia of Chicago. • Extremely popular with the common people. • Brought down by Elliott Ness of the US Treasury Department (Untouchables). • Capone convicted of tax evasion even though he was responsible for hundreds of deaths.
Enforcing the Volstead Act Al Capone and the Deputy Chief of the Chicago Police
PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol • adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT • an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement • in WWI, temperance became a patriotic theme - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded • Volstead Act-no consumption • a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise • Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment • forced organized crime to pursue other interests…
A New Mass Culture Honors US 11.4
Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”
