1 / 26

HOW SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE WORK TOGETHER

HOW SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE WORK TOGETHER. What happened when you turn on the computer? How hardware interacts with the system and how software manages hardware resources?. BUS. The busses connect the components on the motherboard.

caspar
Download Presentation

HOW SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE WORK TOGETHER

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HOW SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE WORK TOGETHER What happened when you turn on the computer? How hardware interacts with the system and how software manages hardware resources?

  2. BUS • The busses connect the components on the motherboard. • These Components build the processor (CPU), the memory and the interfaces. • One of the busses is the databus, which is specified in Bits (8,16,32,64,128). • Another bus is called the Addressbus, which in itself chooses the memoraplaces or the interfaces. • controlbus, which controls the information exchange between all of the above. • The busses on the motherboard are mostly about 0.5 mm in width and utilise copper lines.

  3. BUS 16-bit ISA Bus 8-bit ISA Bus Older bus used on early PCs of 1980s Had 8 lines for data 8 additional data lines 5 additional IRQ lines 4 more DMA channels 4 additional address lines * Refer to page 80 & 81

  4. System Resources Can be define as a tool used by either hardware or soft ware in communicating with each other. • There are 4 types of system resources:- • Memory addresses • I/O addresses • IRQs (interrupt request numbers) • DMA (Direct memory access) Channel

  5. IRQ • A line of a motherboard bus that hardware device can use to signal the CPU that the device needs attention • Some lines have a higher priority for attention that others. • Each IRQ line is assigned a number (0-15) to identify it.

  6. I/O addresses • Number assigned to hardware device that software uses to send a command to a device. • Each device “listen“ for these numbers and responds to the one assigned to it.

  7. Addr. First Quad(xx0h to xx3h) Second Quad(xx4h to xx7h) Third Quad(xx8h to xxBh) Fourth Quad(xxCh to xxFh) 000-00Fh DMA controller, channels 0 to 3 010-01Fh (System use) 020-02Fh Interrupt controller #1 (020-021h) (System use) 030-03Fh (System use) 040-04Fh System timers (System use) 050-05Fh (System use) 060-06Fh Keyboard & PS/2 mouse (060h), Speaker (061h) Keyboard & PS/2 mouse (064h) 070-07Fh RTC/CMOS, NMI (070-071h) (System use) 080-08Fh DMA page register 0-2 (081-083h) DMA page register 3 (087h) DMA page registers 4-6 (089-08Bh) DMA page register 7 (08Fh) 090-09Fh (System use) 0A0-0Afh Interrupt controller #2 (0A0-0A1h) (System use)

  8. Memory addresses • Numbers that are assigned to physical memory that is located either in RAM or ROM chips. • Software can access this memory by using these addresses.

  9. DMA Channel • a number designating a channel on which device can pass data to memory without involving the CPU • DMA channels are system pathways used by many devices to transfer information directly to and from memory. • DMA can be consider as short-cut for data movement from device to memory.

  10. DMA channels are not nearly as "famous" as IRQs because there are fewer of them and they are used by many fewer devices, • And they usually cause fewer problems with system setup. • However, conflicts on DMA channels can cause very strange system problems and can be very difficult to diagnose. • DMAs are used most commonly today by floppy disk drives, tape drives and sound cards.

  11. All 4 resources are used for communication between hardware and software Hardware devices signal the CPU for attention using an IRQ Software addresses a device by using one of its I/O addresses. Software look at memory as a hardware device and addresses it with memory addresses DMA channel pass data back and forth between a hardware device and memory

  12. Process Boot ( startup) • BIOS Startup Program will check hardware – make sure it is ready to be used • User will provides specific instructions to software on what to do • Software interacts directly with CPU

  13. THE BOOT PROCESS Power-on self test (POST) The ROM BIOS startup programs searches for and loads an OS The OS configures the system and completes it own loading The user executes applications software

  14. Step 1: POST ROM BIOS startup program survey hardware resources and needs ROM BIOS assigns system resources to meet those needs Begins by reading configuration information stored in DIP switches, jumpers and CMOS chip Comparing information to hardware present

  15. DIP switch CMOS chip

  16. Step 2: BIOS find & loads the OS 1. Normally OS is loaded from logical drive C on the hard drive

  17. Step 2: BIOS find & loads the OS CMOS chip tells startup BIOS where to look for the OS BIOS turn on the device, reads the beginning files of the OS, copies them into memory. Then turns control over to OS

  18. Step 3: OS complete Boot process OS check some of the same thing that startup BIOS check; e.g. memory reliability and availability OS loads software to control the mouse, a CD-ROM, a scanner and other devices

  19. Step 4: User Executes Application Software OS finds the applications software (on the secondary storage device) Copies the software into memory and turn over to the software User commands the applications software Software makes requests to the OS OS uses system resources, system BIOS and device drivers to interface with and control the hardware.

  20. Completion of the Boot Process Boor process is completed after AUTOEXEC.BAT has finished executing (C:\WINDOWS\WIN)

More Related