EOCT practice Domain I: Cells

1. EOCT practice Domain I: Cells

2. 1. Cells use passive and active transport to move materials across cell membranes in order to maintain a constant internal environment. What is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment called? • A diffusion • B evolution • C homeostasis • D respiration

3. 2. Of the following, which is considered a living organism? • A bacterium • B mitochondrion • C nucleus • D sperm

4. 3. Which of the following examples illustrates osmosis? • A Water leaves the tubules of the kidney in response to the hypertonic fluid surrounding the tubules. • B Digestive enzymes are excreted into the small intestine. • C White blood cells consume pathogens and cell debris at the site of an infection. • D Calcium is pumped inside a muscle cell after the muscle completes its contraction

5. 4. Which of the following “organisms” considered to be an exception to the cell theory? • A bacteria • B viruses • C amoeba • D yeast

6. 5. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to • A assemble into multicellular organisms • B establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms • C obtain energy from the Sun • D store genetic information in the form of DNA

7. Answers 1-5 • C • A • A • B • A

8. 6. If placed in a hypertonic solution, a plant cell will • A swell • B burst • C shrink in size • D remain constant in size

9. 7. As represented in the diagram below, bacteria have cell walls like plant cells do. Unlike the plant cell walls, however, the bacterial cell wall is made of which of the following? • A cellulose and starches • B chitin and fats • C sugars and amino acids • D cellulose and sugars

10. 8. A type of cell that can exist in a broad range of environmental conditions, can rapidly multiply, and lacks a nucleus is known as what type of cell? • A animal • B eukaryotic • C plant • D prokaryotic

11. 9. The function of the cell organelle circled below is to produce energy. What is the name of this organelle? • A Golgi apparatus • B mitochondrion • C nucleus • D ribosome

12. 10. The drawing below illustrates a small portion of the molecules that make up a cell membrane. The phospholipid molecules serve to • A help cells recognize each other • B allow glucose molecules into the cell • C prevent the passage of certain molecules into the cell • D line up amino acids for protein synthesis

13. Answers 6-10 • C • C • D • B • C

14. 11. Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable conditions within the body. Which of the following is a method of maintaining homeostasis in the human body? • A working in air conditioning • B shivering when cold • C eating balanced meals • D sleeping regularly

15. 12. Water (H2O) is an example of a molecule whose atoms are held together by which of the following? • A covalent bonds • B ionic bonds • C metallic bonds • D hydrogen bonds

16. 13. As illustrated below, the molecules of many membranes are arranged with their polar heads to the outside and their nonpolar tails to the inside. With this arrangement, where would you MOST likely find water molecules? • A A only • B B only • C C only • D A and C

17. 14. The movement of materials across a plasma membrane through a protein is called • A facilitated transport • B diffusion • C active transport • D osmosis

18. 15. The graph shows a growth curve for a population of Paramecium grown in a laboratory culture. What is the approximate carrying capacity for this population of Paramecium under these conditions? • A 500 Paramecium/mL • B 700 Paramecium/mL • C 900 Paramecium/mL • D 1100 Paramecium/mL

19. Answers 11-15 • B • A • D • A • C

20. 16. Eukaryotic DNA is contained within the • Cell wall • Central vacuole • Nucleus • Endoplasmic reticulum

21. 17. Inside eukaryotic cells are membrane bound structures called… • Cell walls • Cilia • Organelles • cytoplasm

22. 18. The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as… • Diffusion • Exocytosis • Plasmolysis • Active transport

23. 19. The area into which a substrate fits on an enzyme is called the… • Active site • Product • Peptide bond • Covalent bond

24. 20. The assembly of proteins in a cell takes place in the • A nucleus • B vacuoles • C cytoplasm • D mitochondria

25. Answers 16-20 • C • C • A • B • C

26. 21. Which of the following is an organism whose cell(s) lack(s) membrane-bound organelles? • A nucleolus • B chromatin • C eukaryote • D prokaryote

27. 22. In all reptiles, birds, and mammals, the processes of excretion, water and salt balance, and the regulation of pH in body fluids are controlled by the kidneys. This is an example of the organism maintaining • A reabsorption • B homeostasis • C insulation • D hibernation

28. 23. Proteins are long chains or polymers made up of • A nucleotides • B carbohydrates • C amino acids • D lipids

29. 24. Which of the following molecules provides the greatest amount of energy per gram of mass when metabolized? • A carbohydrate • B nucleic acid • C protein • D lipid

30. 25. Which of the following environmental changes can cause an increase in the rates of reactions in cells? • A increased temperature • B decreased enzyme concentrations • C increase activation energy requirement • D decreased diffusion rates

31. Answers 21-25 • D • B • C • D • A