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This timeline describes the progression of education throughout history, from news and knowledge being spread through storytelling to the current focus on job training. It explores key milestones and trends in education, such as the establishment of primary schools, the accessibility of post-secondary education, and the rise of education inflation.
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A Timeline of Education • ‘Formal’ education is a recent development in human history • In non-literate societies, news and knowledge was spread through storytelling (a practice that still continues today) • Children followed, for the most part, in the footsteps of their parents, learning their crafts etc at their sides
Middle Ages • Wealthy boys were sent to “Latin” schools to remove them from the company of women • Interesting Fact: the term adolescent is from the Latin word “adolescere”, which means to grow up
The Age of the Printing Press • 15th century – development of printing press made it possible to publish written work for the ‘general’ public, not just the privileged or ‘elite’ • Adults became more knowledgeable than children
Up to 19th century • Young of wealthy families received a ‘classical’ education – Greek ,Latin, math, literature – but not job training • Little education available for majority of children
Late 19th Century • Primary schools established for all children • Working-class parents still resisted sending their children to school because they felt that they did not need to learn those things – learning to farm or maintain a home was much more practical and useful
20th Century • Concept of education more widely accepted • First 30 years – most left at age 14 – they had learned ‘all they needed’ so could now learn a job
1950s • In the 1950’s – Canadians believed that providing opportunities for all children to get a good education would contribute to economic equality
In 1947, fewer than half of students graduated from high school • By the 1960’s and 70’s the streaming of education began (in to ‘levels) that better met the needs for more young people and better equip them for the job market • Post secondary education also became more accessible – Baby boom children
1980s goal of education was to provide students with the skills that would be required in a changing workplace, but also to encourage students to choose an education suited to their interests and abilities
End of 20th Century • Education viewed as the key to success in life • Young people are encouraged to go beyond high school in order to get better jobs, and higher incomes • Focus was on ‘career’ instead of a ‘job’
How common is it for young Canadians to attend post-secondary programs now? • Look at chart on page 74 • What are the trends?
Credentialism • The trend for education is for it to be valued as job training rather than for the knowledge and skills it provides ) • Career counselling in high schools is routinely done • Students concerned about marks – will often not take courses that they feel they can’t do well in
Education Inflation • Youth today require more education to qualify for some jobs now than was required in the past • A high school diploma used to be the ‘guarantee’ of a good job, however, now it is post secondary training of some kind
Conflict Theory’s Perspective • The demand for higher education reflects a desire to gain professional status and wealth, not higher skills • Their argument – it wasn’t ‘respectable’ to be a doctor until university training was a requirement for medicine
Employment and Education • There is ample evidence that a college diploma or university degree will improve your chances of getting a job you enjoy • Employers today are looking for people with a broad skills base, - transferable skills are very important
The Gender Gap • For the last 25 years , the education of women has been a focus • There are more women in the workforce, who need higher levels of training • Bt 1999 teenage boys and girls perform equally well in science and math, but girls outperform boys in reading and wriitng • 85% of all high school students will graduate, but only 78% of all boys
Women are catching up! • In 1997 58% of all university degrees were earned by women • ½ of the degrees in medicine and law have doubled their enrolment of women (look at chart on pg 81) • There is a widening gap now going the other way – women are beginning to ‘out-achieve’ men • Why?
Recent Educational Research • There has been much research lately into how boys learn – most of is saying that boys learn differently than girls, and that the school system right now favours the girls • Boys reading levels are lower than girls • Why?
Homework • Questions: • P. 92 # 4,5,7 • Read p 79/80 Answer questions #1,2,3 • Be ready to discuss this on Monday
