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Laboratory Testing Essentials and Techniques for Accurate Results

Learn about common lab procedures, tools like microtubes and capillary tubes, and quality control measures in medical testing. Understand immunology, hematology, microbiology, and genetic testing methods.

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Laboratory Testing Essentials and Techniques for Accurate Results

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  1. General lab • Microtube • Capillary tube • Test strip • Test tape • Blank • Reagent blank • Serum blank • Calibrator • Quality control • Curve • Deionized Water or demineralized water • Distilled water (DW) • Double distilled water (DDW)Bidest. • Ultrapure water(UPW) • Dilution • In vitro • Invivo • Aliquot • Pipette Tips

  2. General lab • Normal range • Normal value • Reference range • Lab report • Lab results • Smear • Meniscus • Volumetric pipettes • Graduated pipettes • serological pipettes • Mohr pipettes • blow-out pipettes

  3. General lab • Sample • Pathology • Serology • Wright • Widal • CRP • RF(rheumatoid factor) • Preg.test • ASO(anti streptolysin o) • (mercaptoethanol)2-ME • Coombs test • Parasitology • Microbiology • Reception • Biopsy • Specimen • Adsorption • Absorption • Urinary sediment • Auto analyser • Blood Gas • Cytology • Autopsy

  4. General lab • Room temperature (RT) • Over Night (O/N) • Precision • Accuracy • Sensitivity • Specificity • Point of care • Reproducibility • Serial dilution • Supernatant • Serofuge • Applicator • Urine • Stool • Urinalysis (U/A) • CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) • Lab report • Lab results • Midstream • Clean catch • Suprapubic

  5. sensitivity=true positive/true positive+false Negative • Specificity=true Negative/true Negative+false positive

  6. Biochemistry • FBS (fasting blood suger) • GTT(glucose tolerance test) • LDH (lactase dehydrogenase ) • CPK (creatinephosphokinase ) • BUN (blood urea nitrogen) • Creatinin • Cholestrol (chol.) • Triglyceride (TG) • LDL (Low density lipoprotein ) • HDL ( High Density lipoprotein ) • VLDL ( very low density lipoprotein) • Lipid profile • preservative

  7. Immunology • Immunocompetent • Immunocompromize • Immunosurveillance • Active Immunity • Passive Immunity • Acquired Immunity • Innate Immunity • Acute phase proteins • Adaptive Immunity • Adjuvant • Antitoxin • Apoptosis • Autoimmune • Proliferation • Differentiation

  8. Immunology • Agglutinin • Agglutinogen • Allergen • Atopy • Alloantibody • Alloantigen • Anaphylactic reaction • Anaphylatoxin • Anaphylaxis • Antibody mediated immunity • Immunogene • Antigenic determinant • Blotting • Cell adhesion molecule • Cell mediated immunity • Chemotaxis • Sensitization Immunity Immunodeficiency

  9. Immunology Class switching clonal selection Effector cell Flocculation graft GVHD Hemagglutination Humoral Inflammation Opsonin Interferon

  10. General • Suppressor • Infiltration • Chemotherapy • Processing • Presentation • Expression • Endogenous • Exogenous • Pinocytosis • Neoplasm • Neoplasia • In situ • Screening • Graft rejection

  11. Hematology • Buffy Coat • Cross match • MCV(mean cell volume) • MCH ( mean corpuscular haemoglobin) • MCHC ( mean cell haemoglobin concentration) • Hb (haemoglobin ) • Hct ( haematocrite) • PCV (packed cell volume ) • ESR ( Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ) • Reticulocyte count • CBC (Complete Blood Cell Count ) • WBC ( White Blood cell count ) • Diff. count( Differentiation count ) • RBC (Red Blood cell) • Platelete count • Staining • Transfusion Reaction • Atypical lymph. • Normoblast • Clot • BT(Bleeding time) • CT(clotting time) • PT(protrombin time)

  12. Microbiology • Culture • Subculture • Cell culture • Blood culture • Urine culture (U/C) • Stool culture • Plate • Disk • Sensitivity test • Antibiograme • Loop • Media • Culture media • Infection • Oven • Incubator • Hood • Specimen •  laminar flow cabinet

  13. Genetic • Knock out mice • Nude mice • Benign • Malignant • Carcinogen • upregulate • downregulate • expression • Mitogenesis • Xenograft • Allograft • Autograft • isograft • Maternal • paternal

  14. Immunology Seroconversion Agglutination Precipitation Conjugate Detector Tracer EIA (Enzyme Immuno Assay) ELISA ( Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ) Chemiluminescent RIA ( Radio Immuno Assay) Lable Run in duplicate

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