Colonial European history

1. SS6H6 Analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various world regions Colonial European history

2. ELEMENTS • Identify the causes of European exploration and colonization; include religion, natural resources, a market for goods, and the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator • Trace the empires of Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia, Africa, and the Americas • Explain the impact of European empire building in Africa and Asia on the outbreak of WWI

3. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • How did European exploration impact European development? • What factors, including the contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator, influenced European nations to begin overseas exploration? • Why did European nations build colonial empires in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Australia?

4. EUROPEANS BEGIN TO EXPLORE • Around 1400, European countries had a desire to expand their empires • Countries began to leave Europe to seek trade routes to Asia for their goods

5. REASONS FOR EUROPEAN EXPLORATION • Spice Trade • Wanted to get a shorter route to trade for Asian spices that were in high demand • The Renaissance • This movement in Europe brought curiosity; people wanted to know what was in the world • Land • Europeans thought the more land and natural resources, they had, the more powerful their empires would be • God, Gold, Glory (3 G’s) • Some explorers wanted to spread Christianity to those across the world

6. CONTRIBUTIONS OF HENRY THE NAVIGATOR • Portugal’s Henry the Navigator did many things to help exploration for his country • Supported shipbuilders, mapmakers and inventors • Started a school for navigators • Hired mapmakers to make new detailed maps • Had shipbuilders build smaller, faster ships

7. EMPIRES ARE BUILT IN EUROPE • Many European countries built empires around the world to try to become more powerful and recognizable • Empires were built in places like Asia, Africa and North and South America • The main countries who led exploration were Portugal, Spain, England and France

8. EXPLORATION IN PORTUGAL Portugal led the way in exploration because of experienced sailors. Portugal explored the western coast of Africa, trading gold and slaves. They also established settlements in South America, mainly Brazil, and traded for gold and sugar. Portugal was the first country to establish a Europe-Asia water trade route and were the first to sail a crew around the world. Some of their famous explorers were Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco de Gama and Henry the Navigator

9. EXPLORATION IN SPAIN Spain’s king and queen supported exploration. Spanish conquistadors sailed to places like the Caribbean, South America, the Philippines and Mexico. Spanish explorers wanted gold, to establish trade routes, and also to spread Christianity to the native people. They established settlements and became the most powerful country in Europe. Some Spanish explorers were very ruthless and aggressive in getting their way. Some famous Spanish explorers were Christopher Columbus, Francisco Pizarro, and Hernando Cortes

10. EXPLORATION IN ENGLAND England was another powerful country like Spain. Their explorers settled in the Caribbean, North America and Southeast Asia. They established colonies for mercantilism, which is creating goods in one place, and sending them back to your home country for selling. Some English also explored for religious freedom, like the Pilgrims. Some famous English explorers were John Cabot and Henry Hudson

11. EXPLORATION IN FRANCE France wanted to spread their religion to various places, so they established settlements in North America, India, the Caribbean and West Africa. They also hoped to find a water route to trade in Asia. Some of the famous French explorers were Samuel de Champlain and Jacques Cartier

12. IMPERIALISM IN EUROPE • Imperialism is establishing colonies in a location to start an empire • European countries wanted to build empires in Africa, Asia and the Pacific • Europe would divide Africa at the Berlin Conference • This was nicknamed the “Scramble for Africa” • Europeans felt they needed natural resources from these different regions

13. MAP OF IMPERIALISM

14. WORLD WAR I BEGINS IN EUROPE • In 1914, World War I broke out in Europe after the death of Archduke Ferdinand • The war pitted the Central Powers vs the Allied Powers • Central – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire • Allied – France, England, United States, Russia, Serbia, Belgium • The war would last from 1914-1918, with both sides agreeing to a cease-fire

15. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I • Alliances in Europe • Countries would join forces to help if the other was attacked • Nationalism • Having pride for your own country • Militarism • Building up armies and navies to defend your country • Imperialism • Empire building led to rivalries as countries fought to claim land for their empires