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America After the Great War: The Rise of Nativism and Red Scare

Explore the aftermath of WWI in America in Chapter 12. Learn about the effects of increased immigration post-1919, the rise of nativism, the Emergency Quota Act, KKK resurgence, the fear of communism leading to the Red Scare, Palmer Raids, labor unrest, and the presidency of Warren Harding. Discover how political tensions and economic changes shaped American society in the early 1920s.

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America After the Great War: The Rise of Nativism and Red Scare

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  1. America After the Great War Chapter 12

  2. Wilson’s Leftovers • 19th Amendment • U.S. didn’t join the League of Nations • His hero image increased immigration to U.S. • Increased 600% (141,000 to 805,000 peeps) between 1919-1921 • Increase in immigration = rise of nativism AGAIN

  3. Nativism Brings Negative Actions Against Immigrants • Emergency Quota Act of 1921 = Quota System • Target = southern & eastern Euro. • Jap. Immigration prohibited too; angers Jap. gov. • KKK rises AGAIN • Hatred towards immigrants, blacks, Catholics, Jews, Communists, unions, & anti-prohibitionists • Harassment & violence • Sacco & Vanzetti = victims of nativist’s beliefs • Italian immigrants charged & found guilty of robbery & murder – May 1920

  4. Americans Fear Communism • Brought about from communist revolt. in Russia during WWI • Communist Party formed in U.S. (as a 3rd political party) • Many union members joined • Panic = “Red Scare” – public fear of communist takeover of gov.

  5. Gov. Combats Commie Fear • Attorney General Mitchell Palmer implemented “Palmer Raids” • Appointed J. Edgar Hoover as his special assistant • Palmer Raids failed to gain evidence of revolutionary conspiracy • Public opinion turned against him

  6. Labor Unrest • Tensions built up ‘cuz couldn’t strike during WWI • After war, workers began to demand higher wages & better working conditions • Rash of strikes broke out, but public didn’t support strikes • Ex: Boston Police Strike, U.S. Steel Strike • Public saw strikers as troublemakers & supporters of communism • Americans tried of fighting from the Great War; want a “return to normal & peaceful living”

  7. New Decade = New President • 1921 – Warren Harding (R) elected as president #29 • Considered one of the least successful presidents • His cabinet also included his poker-playing buddies called the “Ohio Gang” • Corrupt friends used graft to become wealthy • Tea Pot Dome Scandal = Sec. of State Albert Fall sold extracting rights to public-owned oil rich lands to oil companies; Fall was paid over $400,000 for it

  8. Harding’s Foreign Legacy • Washington Naval Conference • Russia not allowed to attend • Kellogg-Briand Pact • Futile ‘cuz no means of enforcement • Fordney-McCumber Tariff • Raised taxes on imports 60%; financially hurt G.B. & France = can’t repay $10 mil. war debt to U.S. now • Dawes Plan • Created resentment between former war allies

  9. 2 New Presidents • Harding died in office – 1923 • V.P. Calvin Coolidge (R) assumed presidency • Herbert Hoover (R) elected #31 president -1928 • Both Coolidge & Hoover are pro-business • Keep gov. interference in biz. to a minimum = allow private enterprise to flourish • Cont. high tariffs • Lower income taxes • Increased wages

  10. Summarize & Highlight • Recap what you have learned from the previous slides in complete sentences. • Go back & highlight slide titles & key terms, peeps, actions, etc.

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