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Animal Science Mr. Chad Warnick

Animal Science Mr. Chad Warnick. Skeleton: Overview. The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints along with the cartilage and ligaments that occur at the joints. Bones: Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides support and makes Red Blood Cells

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Animal Science Mr. Chad Warnick

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  1. Animal Science Mr. Chad Warnick

  2. Skeleton: Overview • The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints along with the cartilage and ligaments that occur at the joints. • Bones: Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides support and makes Red Blood Cells • Ligaments: Strong, white bands of tissue that connect two bones together at a joint

  3. Skeleton: Overview • Cartilage: Hard tissue that prevents bones from grinding against each other. • Joints: Location of where two or more bones meet. • Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

  4. 1. Functions of the Skeleton • The skeleton supports the body. • The skeleton protects soft body parts. • The skeleton produces blood cells. • The skeleton stores minerals and fats. • The skeleton (along with the muscles) permits flexible body movements.

  5. 2. Classification of bones • Bones are classified according to their shape. • Long (Longer then they are wide) • Short (Cube shapes, about equal lengths and widths) • Flat (Platelike and have a broad suface) • Irregular (Varied shapes with many connections) • Round (Circular shape)

  6. 2. Classification of bones • Long Bones- Longer then they are wide) • Longest bones providing support for the body giving it the rigidity (hardness) necessary to stand and move.

  7. EX: Canon Bone, Pelvic, Ribs

  8. Long bones can act as levers

  9. 2. Classification of bones • Short Bones- (Cube shapted; lengths and widths are about equal. • Found in the joints and serve as hinges. They help cushion shock and protect long bones.

  10. Example:Hoofs & Feet

  11. 2. Classification of bones • Flat Bones(Platelike and have broad surfaces) EX: Skull

  12. 2. Classification of bones • Irregular Bones- (Varied shapes with many places for connections with other bones)

  13. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

  14. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

  15. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone • Periosteum • Outer layer • Cushions the hard portion of the bone • Repair of broken bones

  16. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone • Compact Bone • Beneath periosteum • Layer of hard mineral matter • Calcium • Gives bones strength

  17. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone • Spongy Bone • Inside hard outer layer • Fills ends of bones • Lines hollow portions

  18. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone • Red marrow • Inside cavities of spongy bone • Formation of red blood cells

  19. 3. Anatomy of a Long Bone • Yellow marrow • Located inside hollow portion • Fat storage cells • Energy storage

  20. 4. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton • The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

  21. Important Terms Related to the Skeleton Skeletons can be divided into two sections, which include • Axial Skeleton. b. Appendicular skeleton

  22. 4. Axial and Skeleton • The axial skeleton lies in the midline of the body and contains the bones of the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. (Colored Orange)

  23. Vertebrae are divided into five regions

  24. Cervical Vertebrae-The section in the neck from the skull to the first rib.

  25. Thoracic-extends along the rib cage. Each of these has a rib attached to each side.

  26. Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the last rib to the pelvis. Also referred to as the loin.

  27. Sacral-Extends through the pelvic area.

  28. Coccygeal- The vertebrae that continue from the pelvis to the end of the tail.

  29. 4. Appendicular Skeleton • Contains the bones of the fore and rear limbs.

  30. 5. Joints • Bones are joined together at joints. In most instances bones can articulate at the joints. • Classified by the way they move.

  31. 5. Joints • Joints serve as hinges for the skeletal system.

  32. 5. Joints • There are 4 types of joints we will discuss: • Hinge • Knee • Ball and Socket • Hip • Gliding • Vertebrae • Fixed ( Cartliaginous) • Skull

  33. 5. Joints - Hinge

  34. 5. Joints - Ball & Socket

  35. 5. Joints - Gliding

  36. 5. Joints - Fixed

  37. Formation of Bones • Bone is comprised of: • 26% minerals (mostly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate) • 50% is water • 4% is fat • 20% is protein • Bone requires adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals in the ration.

  38. Choose a species

  39. Horse Skeleton

  40. Chicken Skeleton

  41. Horse Skeleton

  42. Unlabeled Horse Skeleton

  43. The skeletal system provides support for the animal.

  44. The skeletal system provides support for the animal.

  45. Skeleton of a Cow

  46. Skeleton of a Cow 1. Cannon 8. Shoulder joint 2. Knee joint 9. Shoulder blade 3. Radius 10. Eye socket 4. Sternum 11. Horn cones 5. Elbow joint 12. Cervical vertebrae 6. Ulna 13. Dorsal vertebrae 7. Humerus

  47. Skeleton of a Cow 14. Lumber vertebrae 20. Knee joint 15. Sacrum 21. Tibia 16. Hip Bone 22. Hock joint 17. Caudal vertebrae 23. Ribs 18. Hip Joint 24. Pasterns 19. Femur 25. Coronary

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