Chapter 4, Section 1—Life in the Colonies

1. Chapter 4, Section 1—Life in the Colonies Main Idea Each region developed a unique way of life Objectives Know what the triangular trade was and how it affected American society. Identify how the regions in the colonies differed from one another. Know why the use of enslaved workers increased in the colonies.

2. New England Colonies • __________ important factor to growth of colonies. • Between 1607-1775, nearly 1 million people came to the colonies. • People came to live for 3 basic reasons: • ____________________________________________ • ____________________________________________ • ____________________________________________ • Most New Englanders lived in organized towns. • Center of town stood a meetinghouse = building used for church services and town meetings. • Usually faced piece of land called the green (common). Used for cows to graze and army to train.

3. Farming and Commerce • Farming was main economic activity. • New England had bad soil = difficult to _________. • Farming produced just enough to meet family needs. • Called _____________ farming. Had little left over to sell or exchange. • Farms in NE were smaller than the South. • Relied upon their children for labor. • NE had many small businesses. • Blacksmiths, furniture makers, and printers. • Women produced ________, garments, and soup to sell/trade. • 2 Important industries: • ______________ • ______________

4. Colonial Trade • Center of trade in America located in northern coastal cities. • Linked northern and southern colonies, other parts of the world. Sailed south along Atlantic coast trading w/colonies and islands in the ____________. • Ex. Manufactured goods from Europe were traded for fish, furs, & fruit from NE. • ____________________ route developed. • Ships brought sugar and molasses from West Indies to NE where molasses was made into rum. • From NE, rum and other manufactured foods were shipped to ______________. • Second leg in Africa, goods were traded for enslaved Africans. • Last leg, enslaved Africans taken to West Indies to be sold to planters. • Profit used to buy more molasses, __________ trade continued.

5. Middle Passage • One of worst parts of triangular trade. • Encountered harsh treatment/conditions on voyage across Atlantic. Middle Colonies • Farms were larger than in ________________. • Produced greater quantities of ________________. • Port cities like New York & Philadelphia were busy with wheat and livestock being shipped to them. • By 1760’s, NY/Phil. became largest cities in the ___________________.

6. Industries and Immigrants • 4 major industries: • Lumbering • __________ • Small-scale manufacturing • Home-based crafts German Immigrants • Most of 100,000 immigrants to America during colonial era settled in ______________. • Used their European farming methods to become successful farmers. • Many religious/cultural differences. • Immigrants from Germany, Holland, Sweden, & other non-English countries provided __________ not found in New England.

7. Southern Colonies • Major cash crops: • Maryland & Virginia = ____________. • South Carolina and Georgia = ____________. • Commerce and industry slow to develop in the South. • Planters used indentured servants to work in fields. • When servants became too expensive, planters used ______________ instead. • Growing tobacco and rice relied upon slave labor. • Rice was more profitable than tobacco. • To harvest rice paddies, slaves stand knee-deep in mud with no protection from sun or biting insects all day long!

8. Tidewater and Backcountry • Tobacco and rice grown on __________________. • Plantation—large farms, often located on rivers so crops could be shipped to market by boat. • Plantation was community consisting of these things: • Main house • Kitchens • _____________ • Barns • Stables • Outbuildings • Chapel and a __________ • Large Southern plantations located in the ___________. • Tidewater—region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast. • Some people in South settled in the _____________ region, toward the Appalachian Mountains • Backcountry—region of hills and forests west of the Tidewater.

9. Backcountry and Slavery • Backcountry settlers grew corn and tobacco on small farms. • Worked alone or with their families w/couple enslaved Africans. • Independent small farmers outnumbered large plantation ________. • Plantation owners controlled ________ and ________ life in the region. Slavery • Slavery was main reason for economic success of South. • Criticized for being __________. • Some colonists didn’t believe in slavery and refused to own any. • Most enslaved Africans lived on plantations. • Many suffered ______ treatment.

10. Slavery—cont. • Plantation owners hired ________ (bosses, to keep slaves working hard). • Southern colonies had __________--rules that governed or restricted enslaved people. • Slaves had strong family ties, however, families were separated and suffered from harsh treatment. • Started developing their own culture based on their ____________ homelands as a source of strength. • Some learned trades and became skilled workers: • Carpentry, blacksmithing, or weaving. • Some were lucky . . . they bought their ________ and developed communities w/other free African Americans. • Eventually, slavery would end in a bloody war pitting North against South.