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Rome-End of the Republic

Rome-End of the Republic . RomUlus and remus. Sons of god Uranus and Rhea Silvia- vestal virgin Twins were thrown into the Tiber river- floated down stream – were found by a she-wolf and woodpecker Eventually returned to kill their father Founded a new city- Rome. Punic Wars.

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Rome-End of the Republic

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  1. Rome-End of the Republic

  2. RomUlus and remus • Sons of god Uranusand Rhea Silvia- vestal virgin • Twins were thrown into the Tiberriver- floated down stream – were found by a she-wolf and woodpecker • Eventually returned to kill their father • Founded a new city-Rome

  3. Punic Wars • 3 separate wars-over 100 years total • 1st Punic War-Carthage had awesome navy & many more citizens than Rome • Rome wins-How? • Used planks on ships to board Carthaginian ships • Lasted 23 years

  4. 2nd Punic war • 218 BCE-Hannibal, great Carthaginian warrior, took 60,000 soldiers, 38 elephants, and horses • Went into Spain, across the Pyrenees, and snuck in behind the Roman soldiers for a sneak attack • ½ his men & most of elephants died (snow covered mountains & bitter cold)

  5. 2ndpunic war cont. • Hannibal enters the Roman plains & defeats the surprised Romans; 2 yrs later-defeated 3 more Roman armies • Romans retreat to Rome-Hannibal can’t knock walls down • Picked up Gallic soldiers in France (hated Roman empire) • 15 yrs Hannibal destroys Italian peninsula-farms, villages destroyed • Surprise move-Rome takes armies across Mediterranean and attacks Carthage • Hannibal rushes home to defend his home territory • General Scipio defeats Hannibal-forces Carthage to destroy most of its navy & took control of Spain

  6. 3rdpunic war • 149 BCE-Carthage attacked Rome’s ally • Rome attacked Carthage • cut off food supplies, many starve to death • Burned it to ground, sold people into slavery • Legend says they poured salt on ground to prevent future crops • Carthage was gone

  7. Gap between rich & poor • Rich become richer-poor become poorer HOW??? • Soldiers important-citizen-soldiers also farmers, laborers • Gone for long periods of time, farms often taken for lack of taxes paid • Soldiers returned home to nothing • Very few jobs available-slaves did most of the work • No land & no jobs-many sold votes to politicians

  8. Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus • Brothers, both were tribunes • Both tried to help the poor • Tiberius said the soldiers fought to protect the wealthy & received nothing in return • Senators started a riot-Tiberius killed • Gaius accomplished more-lowered grain prices & got offices for plebeians • Patricians stopped the reforms-Gaius & several thousand of his supporters were killed • Plebeians loved them, patricians hated them

  9. Military leaders gain power • Plebeians & tribunes want reform-patricians don’t-What happens? Generals take control • 110 BCE-General Marius forms army of poor people • Promises share of wealth of conquered territories • More loyal to him than the republic • 88 BCE-General Sulla challenges him • 1000’s die in war between the 2 • Sulla wins • Throws out 6 month dictator law • Military generals rule until 27 BCE

  10. 1st Triumvirate • 60 BCE-3 men agree to rule Rome together • Crassus-wealthy politician • Pompey the Great-general • Julius Caesar-general • Julius-elected consul • Called the 1st triumvirate • Lasts only 10 years

  11. Julius Caesar • Feared by Pompey-got Senate to limit his power, forced him to return to Rome w/o army • Caesar refused-marched his army back to Rome, defeating Pompey’s armies along the way-Pompey fled • Caesar broke Roman law-but had won power-more power than the Senate

  12. Julius Caesar’s accomplishments • Jobs to poor • Told rich to stop wearing jewelry & displays of wealth • Tougher crime laws • Forgave enemies-gave gov’t jobs to them • Fixed calendar-used for next 1,500 years • Senate made him dictator for life-face on Roman coins • Some Senate members feared this • Assassinated March 15th, 44 BCE • Friends who killed him did it for the “good” of the Republic

  13. 2ndTriumverate • Fighting broke out after his death • 2 of his supporters, Marc Antony & Marcus Lepidus (later Octavian)-2nd triumvirate • Octavian(West) Antony (East) both fight for power • Anthony allies with Cleopatra-Egypt

  14. Egypt & Rome • Octavian gets Senate to take away Antony’s power • War broke out between Egypt & Rome • 31 BCE-Battle of Actium, Rome defeats Egypt • Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide • 27 BCE-Republic dies-Octavian named emperor for life • Next 500 years, emperors will rule Rome

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