Carbon Compounds (12)

1. Carbon Compounds (12) This is one of the most important lectures of the entire school year!

2. Organic Compounds:matterfound in living organisms. • Made of carbon atoms in rings or chains. • Macromolecules • Large molecules found in cells. • Made up of smaller linked subunits called monomers. • Polymers • Large molecules made up of smallerrepeating subunits (monomers).

3. Organic Compounds • 4 major types: • Proteins • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic acids (Unique in that they all contain carbon.) • For each type you will NTK: • Structure – building blocks/subunits • Function • Examples

4. Carbohydrates • Function: short term energy storage and/or energy production. • Made of C, H, & O. • Monomers (structure): Monosaccharides (single sugar molecules) – glucose, fructose. • Link together to form more complex carbs  polysaccharides. • Polysaccharides • Large carb. molecules made of many monosaccharides linked together. • Starch, cellulose, glycogen

5. Carbohydrates

6. Proteins • Functions: 1. catalyze (start) chemicalreactions and 2. provide structure. • Monomer (structure): Amino Acids. • Made of: C, H, O, N. • Polypeptide Chain: a chain of amino acids linked together. • Type of protein is determined by order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain and the # of amino acids in the chain. • *The structure of a protein determines the protein’s function.*

7. Protein

8. Lipids • Function: Long-term energy storage. • Fats, oils, and waxes. • Phospholipids make up cell membranes. • Monomers (structure): Fatty acids and glycerol.

9. Lipid

10. Nucleic Acids • Function: store and transmit genetic information. • Monomers (structure): Nucleotides. • Nucleotides have 3 parts: • 5-carbon Sugar (ribose OR deoxyribose) • Phosphate Group • Nitrogen base (A, T/U, C, or G) • The 2 types of nucleic acids primarily differ by type of sugar. • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA: Ribonucleic acid

11. Nucleic Acids—DNA, RNA

12. Organic Compounds Chart (11)