B: Norsemen or Vikings Raids

1. B: Norsemen or Vikings Raids

2. Who were the Vikings? • Viking = pirate; a-viking = to go on an overseas adventure • Lifestyle based on the sea • Tribal units ran government • Culture of war, violent, education not important • Worshiped many gods

3. What was their impact on Europe? • People looked for protection from Vikings • People turned to lords of manors • Feudalism was established

4. Where did they raid and why? • Raided northern coastlines & rivers of Europe • Plundered, burned and killed • Excellent explorers, sailors and traders • Europe was weak after Charlemagne’s empire fell apart

5. Wore helmets and armor • Lifestyle based on sea: viking:pirate; a-viking:to go on an oversea adventure, Fierce/ vicious- culture based on war • Greatest weapon = intimidation through long boats and weapons • Government: tribal units controlled by jarl (chief), education not important • Religion: polytheistic; used crop and animal sacrifices • Raided coastlines and rivers of Europe, plundering, burning and killing • Own land not good for farming; good sailors, traders, explorers • Charlemagne’s death brought disorder & left open to viking raids Norway Denmark Who can save us? • People needed protection from the Vikings, so they turned to the lords of manors for protection! • Strengthened feudal system of exchange of loyalty for protection/land.

6. William Of Normandy (1027-1087)

7. Normandy Map of Normandy

8. Born in c1027 • Illegitimate son of Robert Duke of Normandy • Inherited is father’s title after his death in 1035 at the age of 8 • A group of guardians took responsibility for his title until 1045 when he started governing Normandy • Under his rule there were many rebellions which he kept under control

9. King Edward • Edward was the King of England and William’s cousin • Died in 1066, which lead to a battle for the throne • Harold his advisor and brother in-law was pronounced King of England • William, the duke of Normandy had claimed that Edward had promised him the throne • Along with Harold and William there was a third person claiming the throne, the King of Norway

10. E: William the Conqueror & Norman Invasion

11. Bayeux Tapestry

12. King of England, Edward the Confessor, dies in 1066 King promised thrown to his cousin Duke William of Normandy Harold Hardrada from Norway also had claims to English throne England assembly chose Harold Godwinsson as successor (Edward’s Brother-in-Law

13. 1. Death of Edward the Confessor • King Edward of England dies without any children • Edward promised throne to his cousin, Duke William of Normandy

14. 2. Harold Godwinsson’s Claim • Harold Godwinsson was King Edward’s brother-in-law • English assembly selected Harold to replace King Edward • Taking throne, Harold breaks promise to support Duke William of Normandy

15. 3. Harold Hardrada’s Claim • King Harold Hardrada of Norway • Harold H. wanted English throne • Harold H. love for fighting urges him to invade England

16. Invasions of England • The King of Norway was the first to invade England in the quest for the throne, attacking from the northern side of the island which ultimately gave William an advantage for attacking in the south while the English troops were distracted by Norway troops

17. 4. Battle of Stamford, September 1066 • Harold Godwinsson’s army defeated Hardrada’s army at Stamford Bridge on northeast coast of England • Harold Hardrada is killed by an arrow in the throat. • Duke William’s army sails for England 2 days later

18. 5. Battle of Hastings, Oct. 1066 • Harold Godwinsson’s army had to travel 250 miles south to meet Duke William’s army • Harold army used 2-handed axes • William’s army used long-bows • Harold is killed by an arrow shot into his eye

19. Battle of Hastings Harold’s Route

21. 6. Importance of Battle of Hastings • Duke William becomes King of England • William is given the name “William the Conqueror” • Feudalism is introduced to England • English King power increases • Norman (French) influence English language and culture

22. Normans vs. Saxons The English nobles choose Edward’s brother-in-law, Harold G., to replace Edward as king. -Edward the king dies without a child. -Edward promises the throne to cousin William, Duke of Normandy • Harold G. of England fights Harold H. of Norway at Stamford Bridge • Harold of Norway is killed with arrow in throat King Harold of Norway also wants the English throne Love of fighting urges him to invade England Hastings • Harold is forced to march his army 200 mi.south to Hastings to meet William. • Harold’s army uses, two-handled ax; William’s uses long-bow. • Harold is killed by one of William’s knights (hit in the eye) • William becomes King of England- “William the Conqueror” • Started feudalism in England • Increased power of English king • Norman (French) to influence English language and culture.

23. William’s Rule • William spent much of his time ruling from his home land of Normandy • Because of William’s upbringing in a French-Norman society he integrated many new French regimens, such as encouraging all the upper-class to speak French • William was known to have caused the Anglo-saxon culture of England to become mingled with the Norman society to create an Anglo-Norman society • William was also said to have eliminated the english aristocracy who were replaced by Norman nobles

24. The Doomsday Book • In December 1085, William decided to conduct a survey of England. He had three main reasons for doing this: (1) The information would help William discover how much the people of England could afford to pay in tax. (2) The information about the distribution of the population would help William plan the defence of England against possible invaders. (3) There was a great deal of doubt about who owned some of the land in England. William planned to use this information to help him make the right judgements when people were in dispute over land ownership. • William sent out his officials to every town, village and hamlet in EnglandThey conduct a survey very similar to the modern day census • About a hundred years after it was produced the book became known as the Domesday Book. Domesday means "day of judgement".

25. The Feudal System • After taking the crown William faced opposition to his power and to gain control he decided to share the land of the government with over 200 barons • The barons in return promised to supply military forces in the form of knights • The barons gave land to the knights in return for their services • The knights then provided protection for peasants who then worked the fields for the knights • Thus the feudal system was created in Europe

26. What is Feudalism?

27. Feudalism • Lords divided their lands into estates called fiefs • Fiefs (land) given to vassals • A person granted land in return for loyalty or military service • All nobles were vassals to the king

28. Fill in the box on your graphic organizer. Political System “Political” has to do with who is in charge of the government, how people in the government get along with one another, and how they get along with other governments. • Many Kings and large landowners (lords) rule countries or kingdoms. • Monarch: another word for king or queen. • Think/Pair/Share : What is another name for a large landower? Another name for a king? • What were Kings in charge of?

29. Fill in your graphic organizer. Economic System “Economic” has to do with how people earn a living and exchange goods or services. Most people live and work their entire lives on manors (a farm and its people and villages controlled by a lord, sometimes protected by a castle.) Few goods came from outside the manor. Think/Pair/Share: Tell your partner what is included on a manor.

30. Social System “Social” has to do with how different groups of people in a society get along with one another and who is considered more important. • Society becomes highly structured, with kings at the top, followed by lords (or nobles), knights, and peasants. • Knights become highly valued and respected for their loyalty and military skills. • Think/Pair/Share: Who is most important in the medieval social system? Why are knights important?

31. Feudal Obligations Knights Obligation to Lord Lord’s Obligation to Knights Give Land Protect from attack Resolve disputes between knights • Provide military service • Remain loyal and faithful • Give money on special occasions

32. Constructing the Pyramid Feudal Power SERFS AND FREEMEN

33. Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

34. Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power POWERFUL NOBLES LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

35. Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power KING LOYALTY AND SERVICE LAND POWERFUL NOBLES LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABOR PROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

36. Castles • To keep the peace William started building castles • The started out made out of wood and eventually became constructed out of stone

37. C: Medieval Castles

38. Keep Residences Keep Slits for air and for arrows Workshops Residences Portcullis Drawbridge workshops Drawbridge Moat Dungeon Moat

39. D: Life on a Manor

40. Monarchs • King and Queen lived in castle • Highest authority in kingdom

41. Lords and Nobles • Lived on manors in castle • Landowners and clergy • Oversee the land & collect taxes • Raise army • Take oath of fealty to king

42. Knights and Vassals • Private soldiers – protectors of land • Exchange services for land (fief) • Began training at age 7 • Followed Code of Chivalry

43. Peasants and Serfs • Freeman – could leave manor & paid lord for use of land • Serf – bound/tied to land • Worked the land in exchange for protection

44. 1 2 Peasant huts • King/ Queen • Highest Authority • Landowners & Clergy • Oversee the land, collect taxes, raise army • Oath of fealty to king West Field East Field Manor house Lord’s hunting grounds Pasture Meadow Village green workshops 3 4 Church • Soldiers -protectors of the land • Exchange services for fief • Trained from age 7 • Followed Code of Chivalry South Field • Freeman-could leave manor. • Serfs-tied to the land • Prisoners of the manor • Worked the land in exchange for protection Priest’s house Garden

45. Manorial System • An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors • Included a village and the land surrounding it

46. Manorial System • Manors were self sufficient • Most things needed for daily life were produced on the manor

48. Manorial System • Serfs • Peasants who lived and worked on the lord’s manor • Were not allowed to leave the manor or marry without the lord’s permission • Were allowed to farm on the manor in return for work • Lords were required to protect the serfs

49. Manorial System • The life of a serf was harsh • Worked long hours • few lived past 35 years old • Based on heredity • You were a serf if you parents were

50. Manorial System • The Harshness of Manor Life • Peasants pay taxes to use mill and bakery; pay a tithe to priest • Tithe—a church tax—is equal to one-tenth of a peasant’s income • Serfs live in crowded cottages with dirt floors, straw for beds • Worked long hours • raising crops, livestock; feeding and clothing family • Poor diet, illness, malnutrition make life expectancy 35 years • Serfs generally accept their lives as part of God’s plan