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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON

THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON. THERMIDORIAN REACTION (1794-1795). The end of the Terror Robespierre executed so many, lost base of support. Robespierre guillotined, June 1794. Continued counter-revolutionary uprisings. Continued foreign attacks.

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THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON

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  1. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON

  2. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON THERMIDORIAN REACTION (1794-1795) • The end of the Terror • Robespierre executed so many, lost base of support Robespierre guillotined, June 1794 • Continued counter-revolutionary uprisings • Continued foreign attacks • New constitution limited popular participation in govt. • Chose 5-man executive: THE DIRECTORY

  3. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON THE DIRECTORY (1795-1799) • Victories under young General Napoleon Bonaparte • Conquered territories become “sister republics” • Crises of 1799 • Govt. on brink of bankruptcy • Losing control of countryside • Turned to army to restore order • Napoleon & brother Joseph seize power, Nov. 2, 1799

  4. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON THE CONSULATE • Napoleon made “First Consul” in new 3-man Consulate • Quickly asserted authoritarian rule • Bypassed legislative functions • Created diverse administration • Ended all semblance of free political life • Imposed highly centralized structure on govt, curtailing local authority

  5. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON NAPOLEONIC REFORM • Opened govt. offices to anyone of talent, regardless of class • Emphasized education • Restored relations with Pope: Concordat of 1801 • Extended religious toleration

  6. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON NAPOLEONIC REFORM • Created new Civil Code(NAPOLEONIC CODE) • Upheld many of rights granted by Revolution • But little individual liberty • Reinforced women’s subordination & lack of rights

  7. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON EMPEROR NAPOLEON • Crowns himself in 1804 • Between 1804 & 1814, conquers much of Europe • Overturned much of old order • Reorganized states, created new systems of government • Spread ideas of the Revolution • Spread NAPOLEONIC CODE • Unleashed nationalism

  8. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON Treaty of Tilsit JOSEPH BONAPARTE EXPANDING THE EMPIRE • Main goal = defeat British, but could not • 1805: Defeated Austrians & Russians • 1806: Defeated Prussians & Russians • Forced Russia into alliance Battle of Trafalgar • Imposed Continental System Battle of Austerlitz • Tried to subdue Spain

  9. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON THE INVASION OF RUSSIA • Collapse of Russian alliance • Invaded June, 1812 with 595,000 troops • BATTLE OF BORODINO, Sept. 1812 • French occupied abandoned Moscow • Tsar refused to surrender • Forced to withdraw, losing many soldiers on way out

  10. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON MOUNTING PROBLEMS • Coup attempt in Paris, 1812 • Spanish resistance growing, Joseph expelled • British & Spanish now planning to invade France • Great Powers aligned against him

  11. THE RISE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON NAPOLEON’S END • Defeated at Leipzig, Oct. 1813 • Allies invade France, force Napoleon to abdicate • Restored Bourbon monarchy, Louis XVIII, 1814 • Exiled Napoleon to Elba • Escaped Feb. 1815, took back throne (100 DAYS) • Defeated at BATTLE OF WATERLOO, June 18 • Exiled to St. Helena, died there in 1821

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