Two Nations Live on the Edge

1. Two Nations Live on the Edge

2. Nuclear Arms Race Heats Up • Soviets explode an atomic bomb • U.S. wants something more powerful – the hydrogen bomb • Atomic bomb – splits atoms • Hydrogen bomb – fuses atoms

3. Brinkmanship • U.S. will use threats of massive retaliation • We are willing to go to the brink of war • Secretary of State John Dulles Foster under Eisenhower • Staunch anti-Communist • Escalated the sense of fear within the United States

4. Recently formed Carried out secret operations to overthrow “unfriendly” governments CIA

5. Iran • In 1951 the Iranian Prime Minister nationalized their oil industry • U.S. uses the CIA to topple the government and establish a friendlier Western government

6. Geneva Summit • Eisenhower met with new Soviet leaders • Summit did not accomplish much (but it did not do any harm)

7. Alliance Systems • NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • United States, Canada and Western Europe • Military Alliance • Warsaw Pact • Soviet Union, Eastern Europe (Satellite nations) • Military Alliance

9. Crisis in the Middle East • Nasser vs. the U.S. • U.S. and Great Britain promise to build the Aswan Dam on the Nile River • Nasser becomes friendly with the Soviets

10. Crisis in the Middle East • U.S. and Great Britain withdraw offer to fund the Aswan Dam • Nasser seized the Suez Canal and sinks his own ships in the Canal to render it useless

11. Crisis in the Middle East • France, Great Britain and Israel invade Egypt • Soviets threaten Great Britain with missiles • U.S. reminds Soviets of Brinkmanship • UN declares cease fire • Canal reopened under Egyptian control

12. Hungary tried to “shake” Communist rule Soviet tanks invade Hungary and fire on 30,000 protestors U.S. protests the invasion Sends food and medicine Soviet Aggression in Hungary

13. Eisenhower Doctrine • Promise to send aid to help defend any Middle Eastern country against Communism • Requires monitoring and getting involved in with Middle Eastern affairs

14. 1957 First man made satellite launched by the Soviets Shocked and surprised the United States Result = more emphasis on math and science in schools (National Education Defense Act) Sputnik

15. Spy planes that flew high above the Soviet Union that monitored Soviet actions Eisenhower was ready to discontinue the program, but sends out one last mission U-2 plane shot down in Soviet airspace Escalates the tensions of the Cold War U-2 Spy Planes