The Protestant Reformation

1. The Protestant Reformation  Mrs. Burrows English II GS 2012 http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/protestantreformation.htm#.Ty7j4VxrN8F

2. Historical Roots • A religious and political movement in the early 16th Century (1500’s) • Led by Martin Luther, a German Monk, who believed that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt • Remember: The Roman Catholic Church is in ROME, ITALY. • Luther felt the Roman Catholics’ selling of forgiveness was IMMORAL. • Wanted the church to be less greedy, more fair, and accessible to all (not just the rich and educated). • Wanted the bible to be published in English, not just Latin.

3. Who began the Protestant Reformation? Martin Luther , the German monk

4. Protestant Reformation in England • Martin Luther wanted new Christian church- the Protestant ones, SEPARATE FROM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. • King Henry VIII opposed Luther at first. • The Catholic pope praised King Henry for criticizing Luther. • After splitting with Rome, Henry VIII ordered Bibles be published in English! (did it for political gain though) • King Edward and Queen Elizabeth I transformed England from Catholic to Protestant nation! • Queen Mary was a Roman Catholic. • Queen Elizabeth I was a Protestant. • By 1603, Protestant Reformation was complete.

5. Queen Mary • Eldest of Henry VIII’s children • First female monarch to hold such power • Queen of England and Wales • Queen in 1533 • Her brother was Edward • English people suspicious of her because… • She was CATHOLIC. • Recognized the POPE as head of the church • Started rebuilding Catholic church in England BY FORCE. • Executed 280 people for heresy—having the wrong religious belief.

6. Queen Elizabeth I Mary’s younger sister Remained Protestant • Mary had no heir, so Elizabeth became queen. • PROTESTANT • 1558-1603 • Last of the Tudor monarchs • Many consider her the greatest monarch England has ever had • End of executions for heresy (4 vs. 280) • Chose not to marry • Created a stronger political and wealthier power in England • Staved off Catholic threats • Major world force

7. Recap • Who began the Protestant Reformation because he considered the Roman Catholic Church (headquartered in Italy) to be corrupt and unfair to all classes? • Martin Luther • Who was Henry VIII’s eldest daughter and a fierce ROMAN CATHOLIC QUEEN who executed Protestants and heretics? • Queen Mary • Who was queen during Shakespeare’s time, a PROTESTANT, refused to execute heretics, and was AGAINST CATHOLICISM? • Queen Elizabeth I • Remember that Othello: the Moor of Venice takes place in • Venice, ITALY.

8. Quiz: Answer the following questions on a slip of paper. • If the play takes place in Venice, who would be Roman Catholic? Name at least four characters. • Which character would most likely not be Catholic? • Which person brought about the split between the Catholics and the Protestants? • Who was a staunch Catholic monarch? • Who was known for being a Protestant monarch?

9. Bibliography “The Protestant Reformation.” SchoolsHistory.org. n.d. 5 Feb. 2012 <http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/ index.htm#.Ty7kGVxrN8E>.