Tuesday, September 28 th 2010

1. Tuesday, September 28th 2010 • Objective: Students will explore how the Scientific Revolution changed humankind’s view of the universe. • Chapter 10; Section 1: The Scientific Revolution • Please complete the Reading Checks on page 297

2. Name the four great mathematicians who had a profound impact on astronomy. • Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton

3. How did Vesalius and Harvey disapprove many of Galen’s theories? • By dissecting humans rather than animals, Vesalius was able to present a careful and accurate view of the individual organs.

4. 112. One of the 2 main causes of the War of 1812 was that the • A. British urged Native Americans to resist expansion of the US • B. French attacking American ships • C. Americans wanted Britain to leave the Louisiana Territory • D. British were urging slaves to revolt

5. 113. Andrew Jackson became a national hero after his victory • A. the in the election of 1816 • B. at the Battle of New Orleans • C. at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend • D. in the signing of e Treaty of Ghent

6. 114. 1 of the major components of Henry Clay’s American System was • A. removal of Indians to the west • B. lower tariffs on imported goods • C. ending the charter for the national bank • D. spending federal funds on internal improvements

7. 115. Which of the following was NOT included in the Land Ordinance of 1785? • A. NW territories had to be surveyed & divided into townships • B. a governor would be appointed for each township • C. townships were divided into sections • D. 1 section in each township was set aside for education

8. 116.Which helped bring about an end to the “Era of Good Feelings?” • A. over-speculation of American lands • B. availability of easy credit • C. renewed divisions within the political parties • D. all of the above

9. Objective • Course of Study (6): Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment • Examples: Scientific Revolution-astronomical of Copernicus and Galileo, Newton’s law of gravity. • Age of Enlightenment –philosophies of Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau

10. Chapter 10: The Scientific Revolution Vocabulary to know: Galileo Kepler Elliptical Gravity Heliocentric

11. Questions to Answer • 1.What is the Scientific Revolution • 2. Inductive reasoning involved….. • 3. What did Rene Descarte believe in? • 4. Rationalism is the belief that …. • 5. Francis Bacon, who developed the Scientific method, worked as a …..

12. Background to the Revolution Medieval scientists were known as “natural philosophers”. These scientist mainly relied on Aristotle for their knowledge. New instruments such as the telescope and microscope, made new scientific discoveries possible. The printing press helped spread these new ideas quickly and easily.

13. A Revolution in Astronomy • Discoveries in astronomy were an important part of the Scientific Revolution. • During the Middle Ages, philosophers had created a model of the universe known as the Ptolemaic system. • This system is called the geocentric because it places Earth at the center of the universe. • Copernicus believed in a heliocentric or sun-centered model of the universe. The Sun, not Earth, was at the center.

14. Astronomy Continue • Johannes Kepler, used detailed astronomical data to create laws of planetary motion. He discovered that the orbits of the planets around the Sun were not circular, as Copernicus had thought. Instead, the orbits were elliptical or egg-shaped. • Johannes Kepler also developed planetary motion!!!

15. Galileo Galilei • Was the first European to make regular observations of the heavens with a telescope. • His observation suggested that planets had substance. • Isaac Newton: is considered the greatest genius of the Scientific Revolution. He was able to define many laws of motions. • The universal law of gravitation: law of attraction.

16. Medicine and Chemistry • A revolution in medicine began in the 16c. • Andreas Vesalius presented a careful and accurate examination of the human organs and the general structure of the human body.

17. Women and the Origins of Science • Women as well as men were involved in the Scientific Revolution. • Margaret Cavendish was one of the most prominent female scientists of the 17c. • Maria Winklemann, a Germany astronomers who was very famous.

18. Descartes and Reason • The Scientific Revolution strongly influenced the Western view of man. • Rene Descarte believed in one absolute truth, his own existence. • Descarte has been called the father of modern rationalism, the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

19. The Scientific Method • The scientific method is a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. It had nothing to do with ancient authorities. • Francis Bacon developed the scientific method, he was also a mathematician. • Instead of ancient authorities, scientists should use inductive reasoning to learn about nature.

21. Assignment Video: Write 10 facts about the Scientific Revolution. Anything over 10 facts may receive bonus points.

22. Homework: • Please complete the Section Assessment 1 in Chapter 10. Complete 1-5. • This is to be turn in promptly when you enter class tomorrow, February 3rd 2009. • You may start on it now.

23. Wednesday, September 29th 2010 • Chapter 10: Revolution and Enlightenment • Section 1: The Scientific Revolution • Please complete the Reading Checks on page: 298 and 299

24. What did Margaret Cavendish and Maria Winkelmann contribute to the Scientific Revolution • Cavendish wrote Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy. She was critical of the beliefs that humans were the master of nature; for her, humans were but a small part of the universe. Winkelmann discovered a comet.

25. What is the significance of Descartes’s principle of the separation of the mind and matter? • It allowed scientists to view matter as dead or inert, something totally detached from themselves that could be investigated independently by reason

26. What are the characteristic of the Scientific method? • It is a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. Scientists should proceed from the particular to the general. Systematic observations and carefully organized experiments to test hypotheses will lead to correct general principle.

27. 117. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • A. added Louisiana Territory to the US • B. established the process for Western territories to become states • C. allowed Native Americans to live in Ohio • D. all of the above

28. 118. The Missouri Compromise settled the question of whether • A. Slavery should be allowed in future states • B. slavery should be declared unconstitutional • C. the territories should pay taxes • D. the territories should be represented in Congress

29. 119. The increase in the US population during the period before 1830 was a result of • A. immigration from Europe • B. immigration from Asia • C. an increase in the African slave trade • D. an increase in the birth rate

30. 120. Which author made major contributions to American literature & culture before the Civil War? • A. Walt Whitman • B. Upton Sinclair • C. Tennessee Williams • D. Truman Capote

31. 121. Which is true of the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812? • A. It was fought after the war was over • B. It was the turning point of the war • C. It led to the US acquiring the port of New Orleans • D. It was a major defeat for the US