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Controlling the energy production at home

Controlling the energy production at home. Maurice Bosman PhD TW colloquium. The year is AD 2008…. And electricity is entirely produced by large power plants. Well not entirely! There is a strong trend towards a distributed elec- tricity production. Energy market.

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Controlling the energy production at home

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  1. Controlling the energy production at home Maurice Bosman PhD TW colloquium

  2. The year is AD 2008… • And electricity is entirely produced by large power plants. • Well not entirely! • There is a strong trend towards a distributed elec-tricity production.

  3. Energy market • Liberalised on July 1, 2004 • Competition! • Electricity producers vs electricity suppliers meet on electricity market (APX) • Grid operators are obliged to allow all suppliers in their region • Entrance possibility: distributed production

  4. Distributed electricity production • Less transport losses • Higher efficiency of production at home • Use of renewable sources • CO2 reduction • Relief of loads of electricity grid • Production capacity limited • Demand/supply matching

  5. Electricity production at home

  6. Heat production at home

  7. MicroCHP • Micro Combined Heat and Power • Input: gas • Output: electricity and heat • Electricity consumed at home or delivered to the grid • Heat consumed at home (no concrete plans to share heat within a neighbourhood)

  8. Heat demand in a house • Central heating, tap water • Immediate supply by household device (unless you live in Enschede Zuid) • Heat buffer necessary for scheduling

  9. Electricity demand in a house • Fridge, tv, coffee machine, … • Supply is no issue (unless you live in Haaksbergen) • Electricity pricing • Electricity buffer possible, but not necessary

  10. If you live in Haaksbergen microCHP radiator grid 10

  11. Problem setting • Use a microCHP in house • Apply this onto many houses • Electricity supplier offers global control of the appliances

  12. Research goal • Study the consequences of introducing a fleet of microCHPs: • Controllability/scalability • Optimization heuristics

  13. Controllability/scalability • Global Scheduler • Local Scheduler (Embedded Computer) • Hierarchical structure • Hard Constraints: • Household comfort • Limited communication • Real time decision making

  14. Optimization heuristics • Several objectives • Minimize total electricity costs • Minimize total energy costs • Maximize total electricity revenue • Minimize transportational losses • Minimize peak loads at transformers • Make use of electricity market (APX) • Make use of electricity and heat profiles

  15. APX prices

  16. Scheduling • Offline: use all available information • Online: receive a job and schedule immediately (example: earliest possible)

  17. Our scheduling problem • Jobs : switched on microCHP appliances • Jobs have undetermined length! • Online problem; repetitive jobs

  18. ILP formulation • Decision variable • ‘Accountancy’ equations

  19. ILP formulation • Objective: minimize/maximize something • Heatstore; below LL: switch on • Heatstore; above UL: switch off

  20. ILP formulation • Need to run minimum runtime MR • Stay switched off for minimum time MO • Fleet capacity restrictions

  21. Scheduling problem • Optimal values (AIMMS)

  22. Scheduling problem • When is it good to use longer jobs? • Divide jobs into classes • Heatstore information • Runtime information • Consumption prediction • Make decisions that balance classes! • Make switch off decisions!

  23. Questions ?

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