DRUG USE IN AMERICA

1. RSCCD: DRUG USE IN AMERICA A drug is a chemical other than food that is purposely taken to affect the body processes. DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

2. IDEAL VS REALITYWeight Control Drugs • In the late 60’s fashion models were 8% thinner than the averaged sized woman: today they are 23% thinner • Today average model is 5’10” and weighs 110-115 vs 5’4” 140-160lbs • One third of Am. Women wear a size 16 or larger • “Barbie” would be 5’9” at 36-18-33 DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

3. Take the prescribed dosage - no more no less Follow the directions Finish the prescription even after you are feeling better; Women often relapse when they fail to finish pres. Ask the pharmacist or physician about directions of you are unsure about using the medication properly Seek a second opinion if you are concerned about taking any prescribed drug Guidelines When Taking Medications DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

4. Questions to ask when taking Prescription Medicine • What is the purpose of this medicine? • What are the possible side effects of this medicine? • What foods, beverages, or other medications should be avoided • When and How do I take the medication • How long should I take this medication DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

5. LEGAL DRUGS • CAFFEINE • NICOTINE • ALCOHOL • PRESCRIPTION DRUGS • OTC’S- OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

6. ILLEGAL DRUGS • Illegal drugs are those that an individual is not authorized to have • Illegal or Illicit drugs include: • Marijuana *Cannabis sativa • Hashish extract of cannabis 2 to 10 times more potent than marijuana • Cocaine (coke, snow, lady, rock) • Heroin -narcotics include the opiates DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

7. AMPHETAMINES ANTI-DEPRESSANTS: zoloft; prozac; SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS -BENZODIAZEPINES;valium; xanax HORMONE Therapy: premarin; estraderm BARBITUATES SLEEPING PILLS PAIN KILLERS OPIATES/ NARCOTICS ANTI-ANXIETY ANABOLIC STEROIDS COMMONLY PRESCRIBED DRUGS DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

8. OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS • Analgesics • Antihistamines • Stimulants • Laxatives • Topical Analgesics • Antacids • Sleep Aids - Compoz, Nytol, Unisom, Ultra Sleep • Weight Management Products-phenylpropanolamine; Dexatrim and Acutrim DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

9. STIMULANTS • CRACK MIXTURE OF BAKING SODA AND COCAINE-smoked in glass water pipe-hyperactivity, paranoia, powerful chemical dependence occurs • COCAINE Popular recreation drug- brain becomes tolerant which results in the need for more and more- headache, exhaustion, shaking, blurred vision, nausea, impotence, loss of sexual desire DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

10. PSYCHEDELICS AND HALLUCINOGENS • PEYOTE • MESCALINE • LSD LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE “trips” trigger panic, depression, confusion, fear of insanity, distorted thoughts and perceptions • PCP phencyclidine “angel dust” behaviorally toxic -psychotic attacks temporary insanity DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

11. INHALANTS • Chemicals that produce vapors with psychoactive effects • Solvents, aerosols, cleaning fluids, and petroleum products • Local irritation to nose and upper respiratory tract, nosebleeds, loss of coordination, loss of appetite • Decreased breathing and HR DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

12. DEPRESSANTS • RELAX CNS • SLOW DOWN PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BODY • FUNCTION TO POINT OF COMA AND EVENTUAL DEATH • SEDATIVES, HYPNOTICS, ALCOHOL DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

13. DESIGNER DRUGS • PRODUCED IN CHEMICAL LABS • SOLD ILLEGALLY • SYNTHETIC NARCOTICS : Methadone, Dilaudid, Percodan, Darvon, • DARVON produces euphoric high and KILLS MORE PEOPLE THAN HEROINE • RISK OF BRAIN DAMAGE • FATAL OVERDOSE from ingestion • FEELINGS OF WARMTH AND OPENESS • MORE POWERFUL THAN THOSE DERIVED FROM NATURAL SUBSTANCES DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

14. ENTRANCE MODALITIES • ORAL ADMINISTRATION • INHALATION • INJECTION • SUBCUTANEOUSLY • INTRAMUSCULARLY • INTRAVENOUSLY DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

15. DRUG MISUSE DRUG ABUSE HABITUATION TOLERANCE TOXICITY CUMULATIVE POLYABUSE PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE CROSS TOLERANCE CROSS ADDICTION DRUG USE TERMINOLOGY DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

16. SYNERGISTIC EFFECT • SYNERGISTIC EFFECT is a dangerous effect of taking 2 drugs in the same general category at the same time. • Alcohol and tranquilizers taken together, both are depressants, produce an effect that is @4X greater • Than the total effect of each of the two drugs taken separately • Thus a much-amplified, perhaps fatal sedation will occur. DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

17. ADDITIVE EFFECT • When two or more drugs are taken • The result is merely a combined total effect of each drug • The result is an additive effect. • The sum of the effects are not as exaggerated as with the synergistic effect DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

18. POTENTIATED EFFECTS • One drug intensifies the action of a second drug • An example Quaaludes(barbiturate) and beer, both depressants • Quaaludes potentiates the inhibition-releasing, sedative effects of alcohol • This particular combination produces inexpensive but potentially fatal drunk like euphoria DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

19. ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT • A drug’s action in reducing another drug’s effects. • Knowledge of this principle useful in medical treatment of drug overdoses • Tranquilizers used to relieve the effects of LSD of other hallucinogenic drugs DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

20. On mother: Poor Nutrition HBP Fast HR Low Wt. Gain Low Self-Esteem Preterm Labor STD’s Early Delivery HIV/AIDS Depression Physical Abuse On baby: Premature Birth Low Birth Weight Infections Small Head Size SIDS Birth Defects Stunted Growth Poor Motor Skills HIV/AIDS Learning Disabilities Neurological Problems The Effects of Drugs on Mother DRUG USE CHAPTER 4

21. BIOAVAILABILITY TOLERANCE PHYSICAL DEPENDANCE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDANCE WITHDRAWL PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ANTIDEPRESSANTS SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS HRT AMPHETAMINES OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS ANTIHISTIMINES ANALGESICS STIMULANTS LAXATIVES TOPICAL ANALGESICS ANTACIDS CONTRAINDICATIONS ILLICIT DRUGS VOCABULARY CHAPTER 4 DRUG USE IN AMERICA DRUG USE CHAPTER 4