Mark A. Gilbertson Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environmental Cleanup and Acceleration

1. Remediation Process Optimization (RPO) What is Remediation Process Optimization? How Can It Help Me Identify Opportunities for Enhanced and More Efficient Site Remediation? Mark A. Gilbertson Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environmental Cleanup and Acceleration June 21, 2005

2. Remediation Process Optimization (RPO) is the systematic evaluation and enhancement of site remediation processes to ensure that human health and the environment are being protected over the long term at minimum risk and cost. What is RPO?

3. What is RPO? Some of the key underlying principles of RPO are: • Uncertainties are identified • Protectiveness is the foremost objective • A clear strategy is re-evaluated and articulated • The assessment team is independent and multi-disciplined • Cost efficiency is evaluated, but is not the primary goal • Periodic updates occur

4. Why RPO? • Organizations are spending billions of dollars to achieve cleanup • Throughout the remedial process, environmental conditions become more apparent and resources continue to diminish • New innovative remedial technologies are continuously being developed • All parties have a strong desire to achieve clean closure

5. Site selection Building the RPO team Evaluating the strategy Evaluating performance Evaluating cost efficiency Remedy optimization Monitoring optimization Cost benefit analysis Implementation and tracking Elements of RPO

6. Figure 1: Overview of Conducting an RPO Evaluation Select a site for an RPO review Select an independent, multidisciplinary RPO review team • Collect data on: • CSM • ARARs • RA tech. selection • Monitoring data • Sys. effectiveness • Optimize by: • Minimize risks • Evaluate costs • Evaluate time of RA • Maximize efficiency See Figure 2 • Develop: • Remedial processes optimization implementation strategy • Strategy • RPO recommendations • Track: • Optimization continuing? • March towards closure? • Periodic review needed? • RPO goals achieved?

7. Figure 2: Process Elements of an Optimization • Conduct a site visit • Review all available documents, including decision documents • Gather info on critical elements of the system • Understand regulatory requirements • Understand monitoring requirements Compile all relevant site-specific data No further evaluation needed no Can weimprove RAperformance? CSMrecently updated? Cleanup levels clearly defined? Can theremedial system meetthe goals? yes yes yes no no no yes • Optimization: • Assess strategy • Update CSM • Define/revise cleanup levels • Evaluate RA performance • - Sys. effectiveness - Cost-efficiency • - Monitoring program - Time of RA • Prepare RPO review report • Recommendations • ____________ • ____________

8. Remedy Optimization • Optimizing the strategy • Optimizing the remedial system • Optimizing the monitoring program

9. Optimizing the Strategy • The RPO review should address: • Overall protectiveness of the remedy and likelihood of attaining the cleanup goals • Recommendations to enhance protectiveness • Measures to increase the likelihood of achieving the RA objectives -Suggest new technologies -Optimize monitoring program • Means to reduce time required to complete the RA • Opportunities for cost reduction without compromising remedy effectiveness -Provide results of cost benefit analysis to justify optimization recommendations -Identify an implementation strategy

10. Optimizing the Remedial System • System optimization may include modifications to • Extraction systems • Treatment systems • Monitoring programs • Alternative remedial systems • Updating the overall remedial strategy such as • Perform hotspot remediation • Replace/supplement the technology with a new technology • Use of institutional controls to achieve protection

11. Monitoring Optimization • Monitoring optimization: • Ensures every sampling point fills a specific need • Does not compromise overall protectiveness of remedy to reduce costs • Enhances data quality while reducing resources • Is a systematic, iterative process • Monitoring optimization applies to: • Site-specific or installation-wide monitoring programs • Vadose zone or groundwater • Process monitoring

12. Challenges in the RPO Process and Possible Solutions • Several hurdles may exist for implementing RPO activities • Technical • Institutional • Contractual • Regulatory • Technical issues • Uncertainties and heterogeneities • Dynamic nature of remediation – things change • Consider alternative technologies if appropriate • Conduct reliability assessment, stochastic modeling

13. Stakeholder Considerations • Stakeholder participation is highly recommended in all phases of cleanup • Outreach to stakeholders, at a minimum must address regulatory and policy requirements for community involvement • Stakeholders should be educated about the purpose of an RPO and notified of the review findings • Evidence has shown optimization process can be enhanced by active stakeholder participation

14. RPO Reviews Conducted by DOE/HQ • Optimization of Groundwater Pump-and-Treat Systems at the Hanford Site; April 2004 • Evaluation of Amendments for Mending the In-Situ Reduction Manipulation Barrier at the Hanford Site; July 2004 • Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring at the Hanford Site, August 2004

15. Summary and Conclusions • RPO evaluates performance, cost savings secondary goal • Common sense applied to periodic evaluation of remedies • Steps for RPO • Right sites, right team • Evaluate the strategy, performance, costs • Reduction of costs and time of remediation • Optimize the strategy, operations, monitoring program • Periodic RPO reviews may be appropriate • Challenges include technical, institutional, contractual, regulatory hurdles