Cholesterol? What is This?

1. Cholesterol? What is This? X

2. What is Cholesterol? • Cholesterol is a fat found only in animalsImportant for life:Structure Human Body(cells) for growth, reproduction & vit DBut the excess in blood can be fatal!

3. Where do we find the Cholesterol? • Sources of CholesterolMade in the body:  primarily by the liver Intestine • Food:Animal foods that have cholesterol:Red meat, butter, cheese, poultry skin

4. LDL X HDL

5. Good and bad cholesterol • Water (blood) and fat (cholesterol) do not mix • Cholesterol is transported in the blood to organs and lipoproteins by the liver • LDL-C (bad cholesterol) at high levels can adhere to the wall of the arteries hindering the passage of blood and clog the arteries and cause atherosclerosis mainly in the heart • HDL-C (good) cholesterol is the cholesterol that helps remove LDL cholesterol from the body.

6. Cholesterol - Silent Enemy • Normally the High Cholesterol? Causes no symptoms in most? Persons. • High cholesterol levels for? Long resulting in atherosclerosis? Disease (arteries) leading to? Infarction and stroke. • In some people high cholesterol produces some signals called xanthomas and xanthelasma.

7. Triglicérides • Are an important energy reserve of the body. • Are fats in the blood that rise after eating fatty foods. • Their increased levels are also harmful and with LDL-C increase, the risk of coronary heart disease.

8. Leading causes of death worldwide +

9. What is Atherosclerosis? • It is the deposit of fat in artery walls, which over time leads to the formation of a plate which hinders the passage of blood, maylead to a blockage in place. • This blockage leads to a decrease inblood flow to organswith serious consequences forthe heart and the brain.

10. Consequences of Atherosclerosis • Heart: • Angina: Chest pain due to lack of blood and oxygen • Infarction: Death of a piece of the heart muscle,a complete lack of circulation and oxygenationon site • Brain: • Stroke or ischemic stroke: Death of part of the fabric orcomplete lack of brain circulation and oxygenation in place. • Stroke or hemorrhagic stroke: In the place where the atherosclerotic plaque rupture may occur in cerebral vessel, causing the interruption of blood flow and brain tissues leading to death .

11. Atherosclerosis is a disease that has many causes and begins in childhood • Atherosclerosis begins in childhood and often will manifest after age of 55 in men and 65 in women, however, may begin before! Factors that assist indevelopment of atherosclerosis • LDL (bad cholesterol high)  HDL (good cholesterol low)  Older  sedentary • smoke  high pressure  diabetes  obesity

12. The sum of the risk factors multiply the risk of Coronary Heart Disease USA - 1984 200 Risk Factors:- Smoke- High Cholesterol- Hypertension 160 120 Incidence of CHD per 1000 people 6 Xmore 80 60 0 no a factor two factors All? Three factors

13. Why control factors? Risk? • Controlling Cholesterol = - 33% risk of heart attack - 25% risk of death - 20% risk of stroke. • Control blood pressure = -15% risk of heart attack - 42% stroke risk • Quitting smoking = - 50% risk of heart attack - 70% risk of death. • Losing weight and exercising =- 25% risk of diabetes • Important: who hasdiabetes presents a riskabout 4 times more likely to die ofcardiovascular diseases.

14. Progression and Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Clinical consequences: Angina myocardialinfarction hypertrophyventricularleft failureheart failurerenal diseasevascularperipheral AVC

15. It is possible to adequately prevent atherosclerosis? • To prevent atherosclerosis? Need to identify who is at risk of having this disease. • This is very easy, just a consultation with the doctor, • By patient history and physical examination and simple blood tests can make a diagnosis and to assess the risk of atherosclerosis

16. Who is at risk for heart attack and death from heart disease? • Anyone who has had a stroke, obstructions of the arteries in the legs or the aorta • Who are diabetic • Who has high cholesterol • Anyone who has had a heart attack, angina, did surgery bypass grafting or angioplasty • Who is familiar with infarction or sudden death • Sedentary, obese, smoker

17. Why is it important to reduce? High Cholesterol 10% reduction 11% reductionmortality 15% reductionDAC

18. Treatment goals • Prevent Coronary Artery Disease • Prevent mortality • Prevent complications: • Infarction, stroke, impotence,? • Angina (chest pain) • Improve the quality of life. • Seeing grandchildren grow.

19. Reference Values​​? Cholesterol and Triglycerides? For Adults Desirable C - Total < 200 LDL-C < 130 HDL-C ³ 40 TG < 150 • If Diabetes: LDL-C <100 and HDL> 45

20. Ways to Fight High Cholesterol Change in Lifestyle • Change in eating habits • Diet low in fat • Against smoking • Stop smoking • physical exercises           daily

21. Ways to Fight High Cholesterol Feeding PREFER AVOID • lean meats  Birds and fish  Nonfat dairy products  Egg whites  Vegetable oils: soybean  Beans, lentils, chickpeas,   spaghetti  Fresh fruits and vegetables  natural juices • fatty meats  Kidney, liver sausage, bacon  Milk and creamy cheeses  Foods with eggs  Pig fat, coconut and   butter  Creams and egg pasta  sodas

22. Ways to Fight High Cholesterol Treatment with drugs statinsfibrates

23. Medications to decrease? Cholesterol • Medicines called statins is one ofmain weapons against atherosclerosis. • Are effective and safe in reducing theLDL cholesterol. • The use of statins reduces the risk of heart attack,stroke, death and the need for surgeryHeart angioplasty and about 30%.

24. Drugs against cholesterol If not using right no gain • Controlling Cholesterol and the pressure is a long-term task. • In most cases, the medicine is for the rest of their lives • If you stop the medication levels may have risen again. The benefits of treatment are long-term and whether the drugs are suspended there will be no benefit

25. How to achieve the benefits? • Improving nutrition • Losing 5-10% of the weight, if overweight. • Stopping smoking • Practicing physical exercise at least 4x a week • Controlling the pressure • Controlling Cholesterol

26. The risk of heart disease is increasing

27. The risk of heart disease is increasing • Although the causes are known, and the need of prevention, but unfortunately the risk of heart diseases has increased. • This is linked to lack of control of risk factors, awareness of changes in lifestyle and adherence to prescribed treatments. • Awareness, identifying people at risk and adherence to treatment are solution to this problem.

28. The doctor is your best friend • It is essential to follow all the guidelines of the doctor and the staff involved in your treatment • Do not miss the appointments • Do not stop or change treatment? Without the knowledge of the physician • Do not take medication or use forms? • The doctor is always the person qualified?

29. THANK YOU