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Mites

Mites. Arthropods-arachnids-acarines. Learning objectives. Outline the basic characteristics of mites (morphology, life cycle) Define the term ‘mange’ Mites commonly found on farm animals and horses in NZ Mites commonly found on dogs and cats in NZ

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Mites

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  1. Mites Arthropods-arachnids-acarines

  2. Learning objectives • Outline the basic characteristics of mites (morphology, life cycle) • Define the term ‘mange’ • Mites commonly found on farm animals and horses in NZ • Mites commonly found on dogs and cats in NZ • Dermanyssid mites that commonly occur on chickens

  3. General characteristics • Microscopic, 100-1000um in length • Mouthparts resemble ticks • Mites that live on skin can be burrowing or non-burrowing, or follicular

  4. Mite induced disease • Pathogenic importance varies • Disease of the skin caused by mites is called mange • Most parasitic mites are host specific and do not survive long off the host • Transmission is by direct contact

  5. General life cycle • Adult-egg-larva-nymphal stages-adult • Note as with ticks the larva has 6 legs

  6. Non-burrowing mites • Long posterior legs • Chorioptes: short pedicles to suckers • Psoroptes: long jointed pedicles

  7. Chorioptes bovis • Infests sheep, cattle, horses and goats • Lives on lower limbs, udder or scrotum • Significance is scrotal mange in rams • Causes inflammation of scrotal skin , a rise in temperature and subsequent infertility

  8. Chorioptes Bovis

  9. Psoroptes ovis • No longer occurs in NZ due to dipping programme • Very important mite as causes sheep scab • Causes intense irritation, can lead to death of sheep • Notifiable disease in NZ

  10. Otodectescynotis • Common ear mite of dogs and cats • Causes otitis externa

  11. Cheyletiella species • Found on rabbits, cats and dogs • Cause severe dermatitis

  12. Walking dandruff

  13. Human lesions from cheyletiella

  14. Quick quiz • Which mites can be seen with the naked eye? • Name the non burrowing mites of farm animals? • Name the non burrowing mites of cats and dogs? • Which mite is notifiable in NZ? • What are the names of the 4 diseases caused by non burrowing mites?

  15. Burrowing Mites • Sarcoptesscabiei • Trixacaruscaviae • Psoregatesovis

  16. Sarcoptes scabiei • Infests many species with specific strains • Live in tunnels in skin • Cannot live long off the host • Cause extreme irritation • Common in dogs and pigs ( and man) • Diagnosis can be difficult

  17. Sarcoptic mange in dogs • Tends to cause lesions on face, ear edges, elbows • Very very itchy (pruritic) • Can cause lesions on man; considered a zoonosis • Extremely contagious

  18. TrixacarusCaviae • Cause mange in guinea pigs

  19. Psorergates ovis • Occurs in sheep of fine woolled breeds • Known as the itch mite • Occurs in some properties in South Island.

  20. Follicular mites • Species of demodex • Cigar shaped mites, live in hair follicles • In dogs, common in short haired breeds under 2 years • Pups infected from bitch when suckling (not all animals develop mange) • Hair loss, infection as follicles burst • Difficult to cure

  21. Demodex • Severe demodex in a pup with secondary infection

  22. Mites of poultry and cage birds • Dermanyssussgallinae = red-mite NB lives off host during day and feeds at night • Ornithonyssus species = northern fowl mite and tropical fowl-mite

  23. Burrowing mites of poultry and cage birds • Cnemidocoptes species Similar role to sarcoptes in mammals • scaley leg in chickens • depluming itch • scaley face and scaley leg in budgies

  24. Summary of mites • Three types: non-burrowing, burrowing and follicular • Mostly live entirely on host • Life cycles all similar • Cause a variety of diseases in different species • Sarcoptes and cheyletiella cause disease in man

  25. Quiz • Which ones are burrowing mites? • Which ones are mites of birds? • Which one is a follicular mite? • Which one lives off the host at some point? • Which ones are zoonotic? • Name each mite and say where it would be found (species and site)

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