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Heron E. Rodriguez MD Jonathan P. Turner, MS Paul Speicher , BA Mark S. Daskin , PhD Debra DaRosa , PhD. Enhancing Educational Quality and Continuity of Care in a Surgical Residency program using Industrial Engineering Methods. Vascular Surgery :
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Heron E. Rodriguez MD Jonathan P. Turner, MS Paul Speicher, BA Mark S. Daskin, PhD Debra DaRosa, PhD Enhancing Educational Quality and Continuity of Care in a Surgical Residency program using Industrial Engineering Methods
Vascular Surgery : Not the “Model” Rotation for GS Residents Busy service dependent on residents Strong fellowship Endovascular revolution Less # defined category cases Duty hour reform More time off but… Low resident’s satisfaction Distance between VS and GS
Divorce threat in the horizon! Low resident’s satisfaction Distance between VS and GS
Example: Industrial Engineering and Trucking Producer Customer Trucking company
Creating a trucking schedule 1 am 6 am 3 pm 2 am 7 am 4 pm 4 am 10 am 6 pm 5 am 12 pm 7 pm Truck 1 1 am 6 am 3 pm 6 pm Truck 2 2 am 10 am 4 pm Truck 3 4 am 12 pm 7 pm Truck 4 5 am Truck 5 7 am midnight 6 am noon 6 pm midnight
From5 trucks to 4 trucks Truck 1 1 am 6 am 3 pm 6 pm Truck 2 2 am 7 am 10 am 4 pm Truck 3 4 am 12 pm 7 pm Truck 4 5 am 10 am Truck 5 7 am midnight 6 am noon 6 pm midnight $3 in rebates $0 in rebates
From4 trucks to 3 trucks Truck 1 1 am 1 am 5 am 6 am 10 am 3 pm 4 pm 6 pm Truck 2 2 am 2 am 6 am 7 am 3 pm 4 pm 6 pm Truck 3 4 am 4 am 7 am 12 pm 7 pm Truck 4 5 am 10 am midnight 6 am noon 6 pm midnight $21 in rebates $12 in rebates $3 in rebates $24 in rebates
Fleet utilization Deliver the same number of loads with fewer trucks
Research Questions • To what extent are residents spending time engaged in educationally beneficial activities? • How many RRC-DC cases are residents logging on their VR?Are they evenly allocated? • What is the effect of rotation length on opportunity to achieve CoC?
Question 1: To what extent are residents spending time engaged in educationally beneficial activities? Methods – review of goals and objectives according to ACGME general competencies and using ABS SCORE APDVS The location or learning activity that will facilitate its achievement was determined
Question 1: To what extent are residents spending time engaged in educationally beneficial activities? When treating a patient with limb ischemia the resident is able to identify the femoral, popliteal and tibial arteries on radiologic images. Clinic Conference Consult
Question 1: To what extent are residents spending time engaged in educationally beneficial activities? When treating a patient with limb ischemia the resident is able to identify the femoral, popliteal and tibial arteries on radiologic images. When performing surgical thrombectomy, the resident is familiar with intraoperative angiography and thrombolysis Clinic Conference Consult OR Conference Reading
Question 1: To what extent are residents spending time engaged in educationally beneficial activities? Methods – paging cards and program objectives
Question 1: To what extent are residents spending time engaged in educationally beneficial activities? Patient list is now automatic Increase time in clinic Goal-oriented time in clinic Entry and exit interviews (goal discussion) Goal-oriented content of conferences Skills development outside the OR Guided self-study
Question 2: How many RRC-DC cases are residents logging on their VR?Are they evenly allocated? Reviewed the charts of all patients undergoing surgery in a 2-month period 178 patients 210 cases (29% inpatients 71% outpatients) 129 were defined category 66 were performed by residents
How do we assure even distribution of cases between fellows and residents?
How do we assure even distribution of cases between fellows and residents?
How do we assure even distribution of cases between fellows and residents? ACGME case log information Projected case pool “Menu” of priority, level-specific cases Patients seen by residents in clinic or consults Operative case assignments
Question 2: How many RRC-DC cases are residents logging on their VR?Are they evenly allocated?
Question 3: What is the effect of rotation length on opportunity to achieve CoC? • CoC time lags: Outpatient clinic visits & surgery: 16.7 days Inpatient consultation & surgery: 1.9 days Surgery & outpatient follow up: 22 days
Question 3: What is the effect of rotation length on opportunity to achieve CoC? • CoC time lags: Outpatient clinic visits & surgery: 16.7 days Inpatient consultation & surgery: 1.9 days Surgery & outpatient follow up: 22 days
Question 3: What is the effect of rotation length on opportunity to achieve CoC? = 25% continuity of care
Question 3: What is the effect of rotation length on opportunity to achieve CoC? = 25% continuity of care = 45% continuity of care
16.7 days 22.0 days Post Dx OR
Other opportunities to improve CoC Assigning cases Alternative policies: “Concentrated “Borrowing” “Pursuit”
A ‘concentrated’ policy Clinic / consults Clinic / consults OR Follow up OR Follow up R1 Resident a Resident b R2-5 Resident c Clinic / consults OR Follow up
A ‘borrowing’ policy • Time during which resident can go to previous clinic’s service is fixed (first half?) • Time commitment for borrowing is small • Only contributes CoC on follow up visits Can go to clinical appts for previous service Can go to clinical appts for service 1 Resident a on service 1 Resident a on service 2
Conclusions • Significant discrepancies exist between the activities that residents spend time performing during their VR and the educational goals • The amount of time devoted to and the content of educational activities need to be modified
Conclusions • Surgical cases are unevenly distributed among residents and fellows • Scheduling systems that take into account the specific case load of programs and the individual resident’s case log are needed
Conclusions • CoC is very difficult if not impossible to achieve during a one month rotation. • Industrial engineering offers excellent tools to improve the educational quality and CoC in surgical residency
Jonathan P. Turner, MS • Paul Speicher, BA • Mark S. Daskin, PhD • Debra DaRosa, PhD • Augusta Weber • Education Grant