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PROSA, a reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems

PROSA, a reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems. the key to support evolution and reconfiguration. dr. ir. Jo Wyns KULeuven / RealSoftware PMA KULeuven Jo.Wyns@advalvas.be http://www.mech.kuleuven.ac.be/~jwyns. Manufacturing control. logistical planning

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PROSA, a reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems

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  1. PROSA, a reference architecturefor holonic manufacturing systems the key to support evolution and reconfiguration dr. ir. Jo Wyns KULeuven / RealSoftware PMA KULeuven Jo.Wyns@advalvas.be http://www.mech.kuleuven.ac.be/~jwyns

  2. Manufacturing control • logistical planning • technological planning, late design decisions • resource allocation • downloading of NC-programs • tracking of materials, tools, people, ... • etc. => but broad in space and time

  3. Problem statement • Disturbances • machine break-down • rush order • missing tools • missing materials • absenteism • etc. • On-line manufacturing control algorithm • Changes • new technology • new markets • new products • new organisational structures • etc. • Manufacturing control system architecture

  4. Reference architecture Reference architecture System architecture Manufacturing control system style, types of components and interactions blueprint, components, interactions HW/SW, implementation What reduce development time, increase quality, unif. terminology abstraction, communication, indicate vital components execute Goal building style, construction elements, ... plans, sketches, specifications building Analogy

  5. Hierarchical control (ex.)

  6. Heterarchical control (ex.)

  7. Hierarchical vs. heterarchical control • Every child node has only 1 parent. • Master - Slave • Low Adaptability • Low support for Evolution • => for large systems • => not for dynamic systems(changes/disturbances) • Distributed • No supervisory control • Negociation • No global optimisation • => for homogeneous systems • => not for large systems

  8. Holonic manufacturing systems (HMS) Manufacturing holon • Holon • whole, autonomy • part, co-operation • Stability • decoupling • self-similar

  9. PROSA: basic holons

  10. Basic holons

  11. Aggregation • hiding details in aggregated structures • open-ended at top and bottom • multiple aggregations (not tree-shaped) • not static, may change dynamically • resource, product, order aggregations

  12. Aggregation

  13. Specialisation • Different types of resources: • Processing resources, workstations, • Transport resources, transport system • ... • Different types of orders and products: • Stock orders, customer orders • Different product families

  14. Specialisation

  15. Staff holons • Basic holons + aggregation + specialisation • only heterarchical control (aggregation contains no control functionality) • distributed system • But ... • centralised problem solving is sometimes easier (e.g. scheduling) • hierarchical structures in factories

  16. Staff holons • Expert gives advise to the basic holons • Holonisch manufacturing system • distributed system: robust and adaptable • ability for centralised functions • Behaviour: hierarchical, heterarchical, and mengvormen zijn mogelijk

  17. Staff holons (3)

  18. Flexible assembly system • Apply PROSA to real machines (robots & PLC) • Switch between real machines and simulation (virtual factory) • Logistical decisions • replaceable dynamic market mechanism • reactive centralised scheduler and schedule execution

  19. Flexible assembly system

  20. Example

  21. Horizontal self-similarity • Specialisation uses inheritance (OO) • All kind of resource holons share common interface and behaviour; idem for order holons and product holons • => Special cases/types can be handles similar to nominal ones • e.g. rush order; first-of order; high volume vs. high quality product;

  22. Vertical self-similarity • Holarchy is a resource holon on itself;resource holon can internally be a holarchy • Homogeneity in internal functioning of holarchies • Resource holon is independent of holarchy to which it belongs • e.g. belong to multiple holarchies at the same time (human)

  23. Self-similarity (3)

  24. Conclusion • PROSA: Product-Resource-Order-Staff Architecture • necessary basic holons • optional staff holons • generalisation of hierarchical and heterarchical architectures • software framework

  25. Conclusion • Evolution & reconfiguration • decoupling of control algorithm from system architecture • decoupling of logistical and technological aspects • self-similarity

  26. More details on PROSA • Van Brussel, H., J. Wyns, P. Valckenaers, L. Bongaerts, P. Peeters, (1998) Reference Architecture for Holonic Manufacturing Systems: PROSA, Computers In Industry, Special Issue on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 255 – 276. • Wyns, J. (1999), Reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems - The key to support evolution and reconfiguration, Ph.D. thesis, ISBN 90-5682-164-4, K.U.Leuven. • http://www.mech.kuleuven.ac.be/pma/research/hms • http://www.mech.kuleuven.ac.be/~jwyns

  27. Integration with scheduling • Planning = advise: • what, when, how? • not: invent standard for planning advise • but: design pattern for integration • Solution: multiple decision taking algorithms + one selection algorithm in order holons

  28. Integration with scheduling

  29. Man-machine interface

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