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Nanostructured Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Permanent Magnets

Nanostructured Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Permanent Magnets. Paul McGuiness. Department for Nanostructured Materials Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Women in nano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia. Introduction. Permanent-magnet (PM) materials

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Nanostructured Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Permanent Magnets

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  1. Nanostructured Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Permanent Magnets Paul McGuiness Department for Nanostructured Materials Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  2. Introduction • Permanent-magnet (PM) materials • Magnetic properties • PM applications • Nano melt-spun magnets • Nano HDDR magnets • Summary H2 Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  3. Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  4. Magnetic properties Permanent-magnet properties Ms Br BH max Hci Hcb -H +H Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  5. 280 years of progress lodestone (1724) neodymium iron boron (2006) ferrite (1950) Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  6. Improved propertiesover time NdFeB 50 MGOe Sm2Co17 + price + mechanical + temperature + history Sm2Fe17N3 SmCo5 AlNiCo steel Ferrite 1900 1950 2000 Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  7. Improved propertiesover time 1.4 Sintered NdFeB 1.2 Bonded nano HDDR NdFeB Alnicos 1.0 0.8 Bonded SmCo Br (Tesla) 0.6 0.4 (Bonded nano MQ NdFeB) Sintered Ferrite 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 Hcj (MA/m) Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  8. Automotive apps 2008 Lexus RX Hybrid 1118 magnets(inc. 2.9kg of Nd-Fe-B) 1998 Toyota Celica GT has 543 magnets 1987Yugo 45 (GV) has 9 magnets Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  9. Computer apps Fujitsu 300 GB 2.5" SATA Hard Disk Drive Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  10. Other apps Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  11. Who makes RE-TM magnets? Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  12. Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type materials Nd15Fe77B8 - the magnet Nd15Fe77B8 - the cast alloy 50 micron 50 micron NdFe4B4 Nd2Fe14B Nd2Fe14B Nd-rich Nd-rich Nd-rich phase MP = ~630°C Nd2Fe14BMs = 1.6 Tesla Ha = 5 MA/m Tc = 320°C Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  13. Casting Attritor milling Melt spinning Vacuum sintering Sintered magnets Ribbons Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type materials HDDR process Powder Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  14. Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type by melt spinning NdFeB alloy Melt spinner ~600 deg C crystalline ribbons Over-quenched amorphous ribbons die-upset magnet (aniso) hot-pressed magnet (iso) bonded magnet (iso) Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  15. Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type by melt spinning Die upset (fully dense anisotropic) Hot pressed (fully dense isotropic) Injection moulded (not fully dense isotropic) Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  16. Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type by melt spinning Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  17. Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type by HDDR process Nd-rich Nd-hydride NdH2 + Fe +Fe2B Nd2Fe14B H2 750 degC Isotropic and anisotropic forms are possible with small additions of Zr and Ga Nd2Fe14B vac 650 degC Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  18. Processing Nd15Fe77B8-type by HDDR process 10 microns Anisotropic structure that can be aligned to produce anisotropic bonded magnets Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  19. Properties of NdFeB magnets aniso melt-spun die upset anisotropic sintered 1 T iso HDDR bonded iso melt-spun hot pressed magnetisation iso melt-spun injec mould iso HDDR injec mould coercivity 1000 kA/m Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

  20. Summary • RE-TM magnets have a wide range of applications • Properties depend on materials and processing • A nano grain size and good microstructure is vital for good properties • Good properties can be achieved with a range of techniques Womeninnano winter school february 7-9 2008 kranjska gora slovenia

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