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French Revolution Stage 3 Thermidorian Reaction. Conservative 1795 - 1799 Year new constitution was written - year of Napoleon’s coup. Thermidorian Reaction. Paris Commune was dismantled Thermidor was month Committee of Public Safety was overthrown
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French RevolutionStage 3Thermidorian Reaction • Conservative • 1795 - 1799 • Year new constitution was written - year of Napoleon’s coup
Thermidorian Reaction • Paris Commune was dismantled • Thermidor was month Committee of Public Safety was overthrown • People involved in the original Terror were now attacked - “White” Terror • Rule by rich bourgeoisie liberals • Revival of Catholicism New government: The Directory
Government: Constitution of 1795 or Constitution of the Year III Two-house legislature Council of Ancients 250 member voted on legislation Council of 500 proposed legislation Both houses elect the Directorate only men of property voted a smaller amount than in republic or stage 1 Economy The economy was liberalized Harsh 1795 winter = prices shot up.
Attempts to overthrow The Directory: Francois-Neol Babeuf Conspiracy of the Equals 1796 “communist” revolt Royalist attempt an insurrection in Paris 1795 Meanwhile . . . France still at war with Austria. Next . . .1797 elections bring royalists to the Council of 500 Meanwhile . . . Napoleon Bonaparte is fighting for the French and Second Coalition is formed: Britain, Russia and Austria
The 18th Brumaire coupNovember 9, 1799 Emmanuel Sieyes invited Napoleon to lead the coup d’etat on the Directory
New government: the Consulat 3 consuls replaced the 5 directors • Constitution of 1799 or Constitution of the Year VIII • notables (only ones able to hold office) elected by universal male suffrage • A Senate appointed by the consuls • A Tribunate chosen by the Senate • Constitution approved through a plebiscite (yes/no) • France divided into districts (departements) with prefect to oversee it - rational planning of government - Enlightenment Is Napoleon upholding or betraying the values of the revolution? plebiscite - “authority from above, confidence from below” Napoleon will censor the press will reduce the number of newspapers in Paris from 73 to 13
The Catholic Church • Concordat of 1801 • Declared Catholicism “the religion of the majority of citizens” • state paid clerical salaries • Pope appointed bishops but Napoleon had to recommend them • Church could not reclaim land that had been confiscated and sold • Gregorian calendar replaced • freedom of worship for Protestants and Jews granted • Organic Articles - places church under state control, creates a “minister of religion”
1801 Haiti proclaims independence 1802 “Consul for Life” Restores control of Haiti 1803 Louisiana Territory sold 1804 Crowned emperor new constitution Civil Code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code 1805 The Third Coalition: Russia, Austria and Britain 1806 Holy Roman Empire replaced by Confederation of the Rhine The Continental System 1807 Goya’s Third of May Treaty of Tilsit 1808 - 1813 Peninsular War 1812 invasion of Russia 1814 abdicated, exiled to Elba, 1815 100 days, abdicates again, exiled to Saint Helena 1821 Napoleon dies - Happy Winter Break!
