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Squares and Surface Plates

Squares and Surface Plates. Session 1. Square. Used for layout, inspection and setup Manufactured to various degrees of accuracy Range from semi-precision to precision squares Precision squares are hardened and accurately ground. Combination Set.

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Squares and Surface Plates

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  1. Squares and Surface Plates Session 1

  2. Square • Used for layout, inspection and setup • Manufactured to various degrees of accuracy • Range from semi-precision to precision squares • Precision squares are hardened and accurately ground Shop Tools and Techniques

  3. Combination Set • Used for quick check of 90 and 45 degree angles and measure of length • Part of combination set that includes square head, center head, bevel protractor and graduated grooved rule Shop Tools and Techniques

  4. Combination Set Shop Tools and Techniques

  5. Precision Square • Used chiefly for inspection and setup purposes • Hardened and accurately ground • Must be handled carefully to preserve accuracy • Great variety manufactured but all variations of either solid square or adjustable square Shop Tools and Techniques

  6. Beveled-Edge Square • Better quality standard squares used in inspection • Beveled edge allows blade to make line contact with work • More accurate check • Work is square (90 degrees) if both sides touch surface of work Shop Tools and Techniques

  7. Toolmaker's Surface Plate Square • Check for squareness on surface plate • One-piece construction Shop Tools and Techniques

  8. Cylindrical Square • Master squares which other squares checked • Thick-walled alloy steel cylinder • Hardened, ground and lapped • Outside diameter nearly true cylinder • Ends ground and lapped square with axis • Ends recessed and notched to decrease inaccuracy from dust Shop Tools and Techniques

  9. Cylindrical Square Shop Tools and Techniques

  10. Adjustable Squares • Not as accurate as good solid square • Used when not possible to use fixed square • Diemaker's square • Used to check clearance angle on dies • Blade adjusted to angle of workpiece by blade-adjusting screw, then angle checked with protractor • Direct-reading type indicates angle of blade Shop Tools and Techniques

  11. Tool Maker’s Square Shop Tools and Techniques

  12. Diemaker’s Square Shop Tools and Techniques

  13. Square Shop Tools and Techniques

  14. Straightedges • Used to check surfaces for flatness and act as guide for scribing long, straight lines in layout work • Rectangular bars of hardened and accurately ground steel • Edges flat and parallel • Plain or beveled edges • Generally made of cast iron with ribs Shop Tools and Techniques

  15. Straightedges Shop Tools and Techniques

  16. Surface Plates • Rigid block of granite or cast iron • Flat surface used as reference plane for layout • Generally have three-point suspension to prevent rocking when mounted on uneven surface • Two types • Cast-iron plates • Granite surface plates Shop Tools and Techniques

  17. Surface Plates • Cast-iron plates • Well ribbed and high strength • Good wear-resistance qualities • After machined, surface scraped by hand to flat Shop Tools and Techniques

  18. Surface Plates • Granite surface plates • Gray, pink, or black granite • Extremely flat finishes produced by lapping Shop Tools and Techniques

  19. Surface Plate Accessories Shop Tools and Techniques

  20. Surface Plate Accessories Height Gage Shop Tools and Techniques

  21. Surface Plate Accessories Shaper Planer Gage Shop Tools and Techniques

  22. Surface Plate Accessories Sine Bar Shop Tools and Techniques

  23. Advantages of Granite Plates • Not appreciably affected by temperature change • Will not burr, therefore, accuracy not impaired • Nonmagnetic • Rustproof • Abrasives will not embed themselves as easily in the surface Shop Tools and Techniques

  24. Care of Surface Plates • Keep surface plates clean at all times • Clean with solvent to remove film Shop Tools and Techniques

  25. Care of Surface Plates • Protect with cover when not in use Shop Tools and Techniques

  26. Care of Surface Plates • Use parallels whenever possible to prevent damage • Remove burrs from work piece before placing it on plate • Slide heavy parts onto the plate rather than place them directly on the plate Shop Tools and Techniques

  27. Care of Surface Plates • Remove all burrs from cast-iron plates • When not in regular use, cover cast-iron plates with thin film of oil to prevent rusting • Center punching or prick punching layout lines should not be done on a surface plate Shop Tools and Techniques

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