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Understanding Endocrine System: Chemical Messages Impacting Body Functions

Learn about endocrine system functions, major glands, hormones, and feedback loops affecting mood, growth, metabolism, and more in the body. Explore how hormones circulate through the bloodstream to regulate various processes.

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Understanding Endocrine System: Chemical Messages Impacting Body Functions

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  1. Endocrine Notes Biology

  2. Function • Chemical “messages” (hormones) that affect body functions & development • Slower message system compared to nervous system • Hormones circulate through the circulatory system (takes longer than nervous system)

  3. Body Functions Affected Regulate….. • Mood • Blood pressure • Growth & development (Testosterone, Estrogen)

  4. Hormones – Chemical messenger • Hormones • Chemical messenger that targets glands or organs • Enter the bloodstream • Takes seconds to hours to respond to stimuli

  5. Endocrine glands • Produce & secrete chemicals/hormones • Glands are dispersed throughout the body • Near target organs

  6. Major Endocrine Glands • Pituitary • Thyroid • Pineal • Hypothalamus • Adrenal • Pancreas • Ovaries • Testes

  7. Pituitary Gland- “Master Gland” Function Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones Retains water Controls blood pressure Growth & Development Sperm and egg production Disorders Too much growth hormones = gigantism Too little growth hormone = dwarfism

  8. Thyroid Gland Function Controls metabolism Disorders: Too much thyroxin = hyperthyroidism Too little thyroxin = hypothyroidism

  9. Pineal Gland Functions: Regulates body clock (Circadian rhythm)

  10. Hypothalamus Gland Function Stimulates/inhibits production of various hormones

  11. Pancreas • Function: Hormones = insulin and glucagon Regulates blood glucose levels • Disorders: Pancreas fails to produce or properly use insulin = Diabetes

  12. Adrenal Gland Functions: Release adrenalinein the body (deal with stress) Fight or flight response Anti-inflammatory

  13. Ovaries • Functions: Secretes estrogen and progesterone (ovulation and menstruation) Secondary sex characteristics

  14. Testes • Functions: Pair ofreproductive glands that produces sperm Secretetestosterone(masculine characteristics)

  15. Response Pathway Nervous and Endocrine systems • You smell hot delicious food • Olfactory sensory neurons send message to thalamus • Thalamus sends message to area of brain that will identify odor & location of food • Brain tells motor neurons to fire muscle movement towards food • While you are moving toward food, your hypothalamus checks your hunger level • If hungry your brain sends a message to stimulate production of specific hormones involved in digestion • Gets your body ready to digest food

  16. Feedback Loops • Encourage or inhibits (stops) something from happening • Feedback loops = the product from the initial signal encourages of inhibits an event • The level of one substance influences the level of another substance

  17. Feedback loops • Two Types • Negative (inhibits) • Positive (encourages)

  18. Negative Feedback • Product released turns off (inhibits) the process • Example = temperature control • Hypothalamus monitors body temperature • Senses abnormal temperature = stimulate sweat of shivering • Once the normal range is reached the hypothalamus stops the response

  19. Positive Feedback • Product released encourages (continues) the process • Example = childbirth • Oxytocin (hormone) is released during labor • Oxytocin intensifies the contractions • Contractions stimulate more oxytocin to be released

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