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Expansion of the United States

Expansion of the United States. During 1800s, United States grew in size, power, and wealth. Vast forest areas and western plains lured American settlers by the thousands. Opportunities for U.S. to acquire more territory. October 3, 2013.

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Expansion of the United States

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  1. Expansion of the United States • During 1800s, United States grew in size, power, and wealth. • Vast forest areas and western plains lured American settlers by the thousands. • Opportunities for U.S. to acquire more territory

  2. October 3, 2013 • Bell work: Turn to page 440 in your World History Book. • On your map you are to label, date, and color the following territories: • Louisiana Purchase • Republic of Texas/Disputed with Mexico • Gadsden Purchase • Oregon Country • Alaska • Hawaii • Florida

  3. The Young Nation Grows • U.S. gains biggest territory from Napoleon I. • 1803 France preparing to go to war with Great Britain. • Had to finance the war somehow. • Napoleon sells French owned Louisiana territory to U.S. • $15 million dollars • Thomas Jefferson acquired the Louisiana Purchase. • All the land between the MS River and Rocky Mtns. Area eventually formed 13 states.

  4. The Young Nation Grows cont… • The U.S. gains more land! • Spain ceded (gives up) Florida in 1819 because of political and financial problems. • Some territorials gains not so peaceful • 1845 the Republic of Texas was annexed to the U.S. • 1846-conflict between U.S. and Mexico over the Republic of Texas…results in war. • 1848-U.S. defeat the Mexicans • Treaty for Mexico to give up vast area of land which later formed all of California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, and New Mexico. • Large Hispanic population

  5. The Young Nation Grows • Treaty with Great Britain, the U.S. gains Oregon country. • Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Wyoming, and Montana were later created from this territory. • 1853, James Gadsden-American Ambassador to Mexico • Gave Mexico $10 mil for 45,ooo square miles. • Land in southern New Mexico, and Arizona, south of the Rio Grande. • Gadsden Purchase-”Sea to Shining Sea” • Purchased Alaska from Russia-1867 • Annexed Hawaii-1898

  6. Territorial Expansion

  7. Westward Expansion • Westward Expansion brought new opportunities to settlers. • Forged communities • Built states in the new lands • Expansion also brought suffering: • Loss of land, culture, and often life (Native Americans)-who inhabited lands in the West for centuries. • Native Americans pushed off land or forced to sign treaties. • Destroyed buffalo-main food source • Reservations-less desirable parts of the country

  8. Transportation of Westward Expansion Pioneers set out west on the Prairies in a Conestoga Wagon. Faced hardships such as: Battling hunger, Native Americans, hot dry West climate, prairie fires, grasshopper plagues, and harsh winters.

  9. Rise of the United States • As Americans moved westward, democratic rights expanded. • The right to vote and hold public office restricted to white male property owners. • People of the West sought to extend voting rights • New states adopt constitution-granted right to vote to all men. • New states gain power in Congress • 1856-every state granted all white men the right to vote.

  10. An Expanding Economy • Factors of rapid growth of the economy: • 1. Industrial Revolution • 2. Immigration-Irish, German, and Scandinavians • Industries characterized the North • Free labor • Agriculture characterized the South. • Cotton became chief production for British textile industries. • Slaves labor • Different economic interests of the North and the South cause conflict.

  11. A Nation divided • Political and economic differences • Sectionalism-the devotion to the political and economic interest of a region or a section of the country. • South wanted to expand slavery to territory gained during Mexican War. • North wanted this territory employing free labor • 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected President-opposed slavery • South feared Abe would abolish slavery • 15 slave states • 18 free states

  12. A Nation Divided • South Carolina-secede (withdraw from Union) • Other states followed • February 8, 1861-seven states joined to form own nation called the Confederate States of America. • Washington, D.C.-Congress worked on compromise…didn’t work. • Lincoln “no state, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union.” • April 1861 nation at war. • War lasted from 1861-1865 • Bloodiest struggles of the 1800s

  13. A Nation Divided • North 22 mil people • South 9 mil people (1/3 were enslaved) • South wins many victories-Robert E. Lee • North had massive resources-threw against the South • South less industrious, had fewer resources • Confederacy surrendered in 1865 • Lost 600,000 soldiers • Largest casualty figure of any American war

  14. The Civil War

  15. Challenges for African Americans • After War, Congress passes three Amendments • 13th-Abolished slavery • 14th-Granted African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law • 15th-all males the right to vote • Southern states imposed segregation laws (Jim Crow)-legal separation of the races. • Separate hospitals, bathrooms, water fountains, and other public places. • Restrictions on voting • Had to read part of the constitution in order to vote • Had to pay a poll tax • Most African Americans could not read or had any money.

  16. A New Society • Nation sets out to rebuild itself-reconstruction • After Civil War, U.S. world’s largest industrial and agricultural economy. • Factors that made this possible: • 1. factories increased output • 2. textile mills • 3. lumber yards • 4. mines • 5. 1900 oil fields-130 times more oil than in 1860 • 6. Iron-10 times more • 7. steel-60 times more • “Captains of Industry”

  17. Immigration • Between 1870-1900 number of Americans doubled • 38 mil to 76 mil • Immigrants contributed to growth • Before Civil War Immigrants came from northern Europe-British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia. • Irish potato famine- 1 mil Irish • After Civil War-Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. • By 1900-Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. Made up ¾ of the pop. • Ellis Island- New York

  18. Immigration-West Coast • Late 1800s-Asian Immigrants • Chinese Immigrants-California in late 1840s to find gold • Angel Island-San Francisco • Worked in Mines and R.Rs • 1900s-Japanese Immigrants • Anti Asian feelings-felt they were taking jobs from Americans • Discrimination • Banned Immigration-1882 Chinese exclusion Act-Examined every ten years • Repealed in 1943

  19. Women’s Rights • Women demand political equality • 1850s- Lucretia Mott and Sojourner Truth • Suffragists-Women fight for right to vote. • National Woman Suffrage Organization (NWSA) • Elizabeth Cody Stanton and Susan B. Anthony-Wrote books, public speaking, testified before state legislatures to urge votes for women. • State level-Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah • 1918-women gained full suffrage in Western states, Michigan, Illinois, and New York • Woodrow Wilson pass 19th Amend. • 21 years of age the right to vote. • Congress ratified in 1920

  20. Women’s Rights Women marching for the vote in NYC, 1912 Susan B. Anthony Voted illegally in 1872 election-fined $100 Founder of NWSA…along with Susan B. Anthony

  21. Jim Crow laws Separate Theaters Separate waiting rooms Separate water fountains

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