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Computer Components

Computer Components. Computer Definition. A computer is a machine that is used to store and process data electronically. A Computer System. Hardware Software User. User. Software. Hardware. A Computer System (Contd.).

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Computer Components

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  1. Computer Components CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  2. Computer Definition • A computer is a machine that is used to store and process data electronically CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  3. A Computer System • Hardware • Software • User User Software Hardware CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  4. A Computer System (Contd.) • In general, a computer is a machine which accepts data, processes it and returns new information as output. Processing Data Information CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  5. memory Brain 1+2 3 1+2 CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  6. Memory CPU 1+2 3 1+2 Computer Output devices Input devices CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  7. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  8. Hardware • Pieces of equipment that make up a computer system. • These are the parts you can touch (although many parts are contained within the computer’s case). CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  9. Example of Computer Specification CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  10. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  11. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) • The brains of the computer All the "thinking", calculating and processing is done by the CPU. • The CPU also control the transfer of information between the secondary and main memory • The speed at which CPU can process information is Known as its Clock Speed CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  12. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) • This is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). • 1 megahertz = 1 million cycles per second. • 1 gigahertz = 1000 megahertz. • The CPU also incorporates an • Arithmetic Logic Unit (which performs the calculations and logical operations within the computer) • Control Unit (which fetches, decodes and executes data from the memory). CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  13. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  14. RAM (Random Access Memory) or main memory • Random access memory is used in a PC to temporarily store data when you are using applications. • RAM is also used to store program instructions and feed information to the CPU to process. • RAM is not permanent, when you switch off the PC (or shut down), the contents of RAM are lost or emptied This is known as volatile memory. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  15. ROM (Read Only Memory) • This is a special type of memory which contains all the information the computer needs to switch itself on, check that all its systems are working and to tell the PC what things are plugged into it. • Data stored cannot be changed or overwritten by you, and stays the same even when the PC is switched off. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  16. Language of Computers • Computers only understand the electronic signals. Either Current is flowing or not. • Current Flowing : ON • Current Not Flowing : OFF • Binary Language • ON : 1 • OFF : 0 • Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  17. Byte The Information Storage Unit 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 Bit A CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  18. The Information Storage Unit CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  19. Input devices An input device is any device that is used to supply information to a computer (as data or for the selection of commands/menus/icons etc) CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  20. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  21. Output devices Any devices that allows the result of computer processing activity to be seen or heard Plotter Printer CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  22. Output device: Screen • CRT • LCD • Plasma CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  23. Output device Speaker DataShow CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  24. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  25. Storage drives • Storage drives are used to store and transfer data files. • After data is entered into a computer, is must be saved as a file to preserve its contents after the computer is switched off. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  26. Hard Disk • drive HDD Usually fixed inside the computer and stores large volumes of data, which can be accessed and retrieved quickly. • A software application must also install files onto the hard disk drive in order to run . • when the user requests its use the access time of a HDD is measured in milliseconds(msec) CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  27. Floppy disk drive: A floppy disk drive is like a hard disk, but with removable disks called floppies, floppy disks or diskettes. Floppies can be used to transfer small files from one PC to another (up to 1.4MB) CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drive: CD-ROM (Compact Disk – Read Only Memory) CD-ROM -> CD-R -> CD-RW -> DVD -> DVD-R CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  28. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  29. Software • Software is set of programs (which are step by step instructions) telling the computer how to process data. • Software needs to be installed on a computer, usually from a CD. • Softwares can be divided into two groups: - System SW - Application SW CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  30. Software (Contd.) System Software • It controls the overall operation of the system. • It is stored in the computer's memory and instructs the computer to load, store, and execute an application. • Examples: Operating System (OS), Translators DOS, Microsoft Windows , Unix, Linux, OS2, BeOS, OS-X (Mac OS) and so on • Operating system cannot run without the BIOS CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  31. Software (Contd..) Application Software • They are Softwares written to perform specific tasks. • The basic types of application software are: word processing, database, spreadsheet, desktop publishing, and communication. Examples: MSOffice, MSOutlook, BANKSOFT CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  32. Application Software • Applications Software must be compatible with the Operating Systems • Common Applications Software: • Word Processing as Microsoft Word • Spreadsheets as Microsoft Excel • Database as Microsoft Access • Presentation as Microsoft PowerPoint • Web browsing as Internet Explorer CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  33. Sara Turn on her computerand thenopen theword processorto writeher homework What are thesteps taken by thecomputer to do this taskin order ? 4 Load MS word in to the RAM 1 Run the BIOS software from the ROM 3 read the OS files from HDD and copy them to the RAM 2 the BIOS crries out the Power On Self Test(POST) CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  34. Types of computer CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  35. Types of Computers On the basis of Computing Power & Size: • Laptop / Palmtop • Micro Computer / Desktop • Mini Computer / Mainframe • Super Computer CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  36. Types of computer (PC) 1- Personal Computer CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  37. Types of computer (PC) 2- Network Computer CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  38. Types of computer (PC) 3-laptop computers CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  39. Types of computer (PC) 4-PDA CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  40. Types of computer (PC) 5-Mainframe CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

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  42. Computer Network • A Computer Network is interconnection of Computers to share resources. • Resources can be : Information, Load, Devices etc. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  43. Types Of Computer Networks On the basis of Size: • Local Area Network (LAN) Its a network of the computers locally i.e. in one room, one building. • Wide Area Network (WAN) Its a network of the computers spread widely geographically. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  44. Benefits of Computer Networks • Information Sharing • Device Sharing • Load Sharing • Mobility • Fast Communication • Anywhere Anytime Banking CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  45. Internet • Internet is a huge network of computer networks. • Internet provides many services: • Email • World Wide Web (www) • Remote Login (Telnet) • File Transfer (FTP) CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

  46. Intranet • Intranet is the generic term for a collection of private computer networks within an organization. CSC1103- Nouf AlJaffan

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