Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health

1. Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health

2. Psychological Health • Cognitive functioning of the following: • Expressing emotions • Coping with stress • Dealing with adversity and/or success • Adapting to changes

3. Characteristics of Psychologically Healthy People • Accept themselves and others • Like themselves • Give and receive care, love, and support • Accepts life’s disappointments • Accept their mistakes • Express full range of emotions (positive and negative)

4. Characteristics of Psychologically Healthy People (cont’d) • Feels empathy and concern for others • Take care of themselves • Can function both independently • Generally trusts others • Involves exercise, sound nutritional habits, and sleep into lifestyle • Establishes goals

5. What is Self-Esteem? • Having pride in yourself • Treating yourself with respect • Considering yourself valuable • Feeling good about yourself • Having self-assurance and accepting yourself People with low self esteem have a poor self concept: how they view themselves

6. Emotional Intelligence • Ability to understand others and act wisely in human relations • Know your emotions • Manage your emotions • Motivate yourself • Recognize emotions in others • Handle relationships

7. Enhancing Psychological Health • Sense of Humor: critical component of emotional health – results in a positive outlook upon life • Communication Skills: increased verbal and non-verbal skills will produce better comfort levels with themselves (self-concept) and others (self-esteem) • Conflict Management Skills: listen, learn “how” to say it, as well as use assertive communication * Learn to be more optimistic and in control

8. Proactive Approach to Life • Proactive Approaches – actively taking charge of your psychological health: • Construct mental pictures • Accept these perceptions • Test these perceptions (new experiences) • Modify these experiences/outcomes (reframe)

9. Challenges to Psychological Health • Two factors that can affect control 1) Nature (innate factors) 2) Nurture (environmental factors)

10. Mood Disorders Primary symptom is a disturbance in mood. • Clinical depression (feeling down for a lengthy period) • S.A.D (seasonal affective disorder) • Bi-polar disorder (a.k.a., manic depression)

11. Suicide Intervention • Remain calm • Offer support and assistance • Encourage problem solving • Emphasize the temporary nature of the problem • Seek help • Stay with the person

12. Suicide Intervention, cont’d • Talk about it • Assume they are serious • Tell someone about this • Don’t argue • Don’t be judgmental

13. Anxiety Disorders • GAD (generalized anxiety disorder) • Social phobia • Panic disorder • Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD’s) Treatment involves a combination of medication, counseling and lifestyle modification.

14. Schizophrenia • Personality deterioration (biological and environmental) – characteristics are: • delusions • hallucinations • disorganized speech • catatonic behavior • dysfunction in everyday routines

15. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

16. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

17. Chapter Two: Achieving Psychological Health

18. Multiple Choice • 1 Which of the following are characteristics of an emotionally well person? A) they feel comfortable about themselves B) they are on medication C) they have a successful business D) there is no need for interaction • 2 Common symptoms of depression include: A) persistent sad moods B) eating disorders C) thoughts of suicide D) all the above • 3 St. John's Wort is used to treat: A) suicide B) shyness C) loneliness D) none of the above

19. Multiple Choice • 4 Facial expressions is an example of: A) suicide prevention B) depression C) verbal communication D) non-verbal communication • 5 Which of the following are considered conflict management skills? A) avoidance B) humor C) get a good night's sleep D) none of the above • 6 Which is not considered part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A) psychological needs B) love and belonging C) safety and security D) all are levels of needs

20. Multiple Choice • 7 Emotional wellness: A) refers to memory B) refers to language C) refers to feelings D) all the above • 8 Depression is treated by: A) drug therapy B) psychotherapy C) home remedies D) all the above • 9 Psychological health can be enhanced through: A) humor B) aggressive communication C) avoiding criticism D) learned helplessness

21. Multiple Choice • 10 Psychological health is associated with: A) positive self esteem B) positive self concept C) emotional intelligence D) all of the above

22. Multiple Choice • Sasha considers herself to be a psychologically healthy person. She is able to • express her emotions. • cope with stress. • adapt to changes in herself. • adapt to changes in her environment • All of the answers are characteristics of a psychologically healthy person. • Psychologically healthy people have the following characteristic: • enjoy their vocations. • are able to hold a full-time job. • accept themselves and others. • have at least three intimate relationships. • do not recognize the need for goals. • An individuals sense of pride, self-respect, values and worth is known as • self-esteem. • emotional intelligence. • self-concept. • emotional diversity. • self-integration.

23. Multiple Choice • Emotional intelligence is demonstrated by • ignoring how you come across to other people. • knowing and managing your emotions. • always winning when there is conflict. • having the proper emotional response to any event. • achieving a state in which you do not experience intense emotions. • Your first task upon entering any exchange of communication should be to • decide whether the exchange is formal or informal. • decide what types of nonverbal signals to send. • determine what needs to be said. • avoid biased forms of speech. • begin on a positive note. • To improve Tom’s nonverbal communication skills, he should • stare deeply into someone’s eyes during the whole conversation. • make sure the distance between himself and the other person is no more than a foot and a half. • fold his arms when engaging in a conversation. • slightly exaggerate his arm movements. • None of the answers are strategies for improving nonverbal communication skills.

24. Multiple Choice • Personal space for a casual conversation among those in the United States tends to be about • 6 inches to 1 foot. • 1 to 2 feet. • 3 to 4 feet. • 5 to 6 feet. • greater than 6 feet. • Which of the following is true regarding nonverbal communication? • Staring at a person for seven seconds or more while in conversation makes him/her feel more valued. • Facial expressions have been cited as one of the most important source of nonverbal communication in terms of a person’s emotional state. • People tend to pay more attention to body posture versus someone’s eyes. • The nose is the only part of the face that does not play a role in nonverbal communication. • All of the answers are true. • People with a great sense of humor attract others mainly because they • create in-groups. • promote equality. • create positive feelings. • poke fun at authority figures. • use sarcasm as a weapon.

25. Multiple Choice • Of the following, a helpful approach to conflict is • acknowledging the other person’s point of view. • practicing submission when conflicts arise. • avoiding conflict at all costs. • playing to win. • settling conflicts as quickly as possible. • All of the following are steps in a process for improving your psychological health except • reframing your perceptions. • accepting your perceptions. • constructing perceptions of yourself. • discarding previous experiences. • undertaking new experiences. • Which of the following statements would Juan make if he could describe himself in terms of learned optimism? • “Things never work out for me no matter how hard I try.” • “It didn’t work out for me this time.” • “I’m not very good at Spanish.” • “Some things will just never change.” • None of the answers are statements Juan would make to describe himself in terms of learned optimism.

26. Multiple Choice • Being able to recognize emotions in others is a sign of • arrogance. • Emotional intelligence. • low self-esteem. • submission. • neediness. • Denise and Pedro are arguing about the amount of time they spend together. Which of the following techniques for communication should they use? • They should cover all topics that have ever bothered them. • They should use absolutes, such as “never” and “always.” • They should make criticism as general as possible. • They should focus on the topic at hand. • They should dismiss how each other are feeling. • Studies have shown that optimists tend to have all of the following qualities except • contract fewer infectious diseases. • have better health habits. • possess stronger immune systems. • be more successful in their careers. • see the glass as half empty.

27. Multiple Choice • In the United States, about ____% of the population suffers some form of depression. • 5 • 10 • 15 • 20 • 25 • Ellen has always filled her life with competitive distance running, bicycling, swimming, and soccer. You suspect that she is fighting depression when you hear that she • quit soccer. • quit her job. • quit all of her sports. • did poorly in a major class. • broke up with her boyfriend. • Which of the following best illustrates that Joseph is suffering from depression? • He binge drinks. • He is hot-tempered. • He skips many classes. • He watches fight movies. • He has drifted away from all of his friends.

28. Multiple Choice • All of the following can be symptoms of depression except • frequent crying • significant weight loss • significant weight gain • low self-esteem or feelings of hopelessness • feelings of high energy • Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide? • It is the third leading cause of death for young adults 15-24 years old. • Men commit suicide four times more often than women. • Women tend to employ more violent methods of suicide then men. • It is the third leading cause of death for young adults 15-24 years old and is committed more often by men than by women. • All of the statements are true. • All of the following are examples of anxiety disorders except • bipolar disorder. • generalized anxiety disorder. • obsessive-compulsive disorder. • post traumatic stress disorder. • panic disorder.

29. Multiple Choice • Bill is easily distracted and experiences frequent bouts of excessive energy, excitability, and impulsive behavior. His condition is characterized as • general anxiety disorder. • mania. • panic disorder. • social phobia. • obsessive-compulsive disorder. • Types of schizophrenia include all of the following except • paranoid. • obsessive-compulsive. • catatonic. • disorganized. • undifferentiated. • In the 15-to-24 age group in the United States, suicide ranks as the number ____ cause of death. • one • two • three • four • five

30. Multiple Choice • One sign of bipolar disorder is • intelligence. • long-term feelings of stability. • heightened ability to focus. • no family history of the disorder. • irritability. • Which of the following is a risk factor associated with suicide? • little or no support system • family history of mental illness • problem with alcohol or drug use • family history of mental illness and drug use • All of the answers are risk factors associated with suicide. • Schizophrenia affects ____% of the U.S. population. • 1 • 5 • 7 • 10 • 15

31. Multiple Choice • Which of the following characteristics should you foster to help develop your creativity? • motivation through external rewards • dependence on others • approval-seeking • curiosity and independence • financial security and conformity • Which of the following is a dimension of spiritual health? • having a sense of purpose • having a sense of direction • having a sense of awareness • having a sense of direction and awareness • All of the answers are dimensions of spiritual health. • According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the basic needs include • spirituality. • peace. • self-esteem. • acceptance. • creativity.

32. Multiple Choice • Self-actualized people tend to have all of these characteristics except • strong ethical code. • innovativeness. • compassion. • goal orientation. • complacency. • Studies have shown that the practice of spirituality can • reduce life expectancy. • reduce heart disease and cancer. • reduce reliance on others. • reduce the need for morals or ethics. • reduce the need for community. • All of the following drugs are used to treat depression except • Prozac. • Paxil. • Erythromycin. • Zoloft. • Serzone.

33. Multiple Choice • Susan finds that her heart is racing and breathing is labored while she is driving to work. She may be suffering from • bipolar disorder. • obsessive-compulsive disorder. • schizophrenia. • depression. • panic attacks. • Which of the following statements is true regarding Attention Deficit Disorder? • Individuals with ADD tend to be highly intelligent and creative. • It is considered a childhood disease. • It affects more males than females. • It affects more males than females and individuals with ADD tend to be highly intelligent and creative. • None of the statements are true. • Rick has a wife and children and a steady job. He enjoys his family and his coworkers, but he has no higher aspirations for himself. In groups he is a follower, seldom suggesting ideas or stating his own preferences. On Maslow's hierarchy, his personality probably best fits the ______ level. • safety and security • belonging and love • basic physiological integrity • ego-strength and self-esteem • self-actualization and fulfillment

34. True/False • 1 Emotionally well people meet with the demands of life. A) True B) False • 2 Psychological wellness develop mental functioning. A) True B) False • 3 Depression is the most common dysfunctional state. A) True B) False • 4 Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death for college students. A) True B) False • 5 Improving communications will enhance emotional wellness. A) True B) False • 6 Maslow developed 3 areas of psychological wellness. A) True B) False

35. True/False • A new proposal by the FDA would require ads for prescriptive drugs to contain language that consumers can better understand. • Self-esteem is critical to emotional health. • A psychologically health person does not trust other people. • A person's self-esteem largely comes from external sources. • Emotional intelligence includes the willingness to express emotions regardless of whether your actions are appropriate.

36. True/False • As a defense mechanism, humor is better than denying, rationalizing, or minimizing a problem. • The main difference between major depression and the normal bouts of emotional “blues” is that major depressive episodes are briefer and more intense. • Scientists have discovered the single gene that is the cause for depression. • Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of obsessive-compulsion and mania. • The mood swing of bipolar disorder generally lasts for only a few hours. • Anxiety disorders do not tend to interfere with life. • Social phobia is a condition characterized by dread and embarrassment in which social interaction is involved. • Schizophrenia is one of the most severe mental disorders. • There are many cures for schizophrenia

37. True/False • In Maslow's model, needs can be met in any order. • Sleep is at the lowest level in Maslow's hierarchy. • There is strong evidence to support a genetic cause for ADD. • One of the benefits of faith is that it gives meaning to life. • Creative individuals are extremely concerned with conforming to what other people think of them.

38. Critical Thinking • Your best friend has told you he is thinking about committing suicide. What steps will you take to help your friend? • You are suffering from depression. What resources are available to help you and to provide hope for the future? • Describe the ways in which communication skills can improve psychological wellness (resilience, avoidance of depression, self-esteem, normal emotions, meeting challenges, conflict management). • Your supervisor is an authoritarian: He is always convinced of the rightness of his decisions, he leads every initiative, and he doesn't engage in dialogue—he verbally battles opposing viewpoints. He has now directed you to do something you strongly disagree with. What will be the key points in your response?